Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/250

Rh hsien-chih pu-chêng, 5 chüan, printed in 1876—a supplement to the Tsao-ch'iang hsien-chih, 20 chüan, published in 1803. Late in 1880 he retired to Anking where he spent the remainder of his life teaching. He was honored in 1887 with the title of a fifth-rank official because of his scholarly contributions.

As one of the most brilliant followers of Fang Tung-shu, and for his erudition in the Sung philosophy, and his masterly compositions in the archaic style, Fang Tsung-ch'êng became well-known. During the years 1875-86 he edited and printed his various works. They are popularly known under the collective title 柏堂遺書 Pai-t'ang i-shu. Among eight items there included, four collections of his works may be mentioned: 志學錄 Chih hsüeh lu, 8 chüan, printed in 1877, with a continuation in 3 chüan, printed in 1885–86, being ethical treatises written from the standpoint of Sung Neo-Confucianism; Pai-t'ang ching-shuo (經說), 33 chüan, printed in 1875–82, being exegetical notes on the Classics; Pai-t'ang tu-shu pi-chi (讀書筆記), 13 chüan, printed in 1878-84, memoranda on the Classics; and Pai-t'ang chi (集) in 6 series, 14 + 13 + 22 + 22 + 8 + 33 chüan, respectively, printed in 1880-86, his literary compositions, and his letters.

A son of Fang Tsung-ch'êng, named Fang P'ei-chün 方培濬, left a literary collection, entitled 毅齋遺集 I-chai i-chi, 5 chüan, which was printed in 1886 as an appendix to the so-called Pai-t'ang i-shu. Another son, Fang Shou-i 方守彝, was a pupil of Chêng Fu-chao (see under ). He and Ch'ên Tan-jan (see under ) wrote a detailed biography of Fang Tsung-ch'êng, entitled Fang Pai-t'ang shih-shih k'ao-lüeh (事實考略), 5 chüan, which was printed in 1889.

[1/491/13b; 2/67/53b; 5/80/21b; Fang Pai-t'ang shih-shih k'ao-lüeh (not consulted); Sun Pao-t'ien, Chiao-ching shih wên-chi (see under ) 5/54a; Ch'iang Ju-hsün 強汝詢, 求益齋文集 Ch'iu-i chai wên-chi (1898) 7/8b; Ma Ch'i-ch'ang (see under ) T'ung-ch'êng-ch'i-chiu ch'uan 11/31b.]

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 FANG Tung-shu 方東樹, Oct. 4, 1772–1851, June 23, scholar, was a native of T'ung-ch'êng, Anhwei, where his ancestors had moved from Wu-yüan of the same province at the beginning of the Ming period. Several of his immediate ancestors were scholars of the T'ung-ch'êng School (see under ), among them his great-grandfather, Fang Tsê 方澤, who left a literary collection, entitled 待廬遺集 Tai-lu i-chi, 3 chüan, which was printed as an appendix to the I-wei hsüan ch'üan-chi (see below). His father, Fang Chi 方續, produced a literary collection, entitled 鶴鳴集 Ho-ming chi, 6 chüan, printed in 1837, and a work on phonetics, entitled 屈子正音 Ch'ü-tzŭ chêng-yin, 3 chüan, printed in 1826. Though in delicate health in his youth, Fang Tung-shu studied diligently under his father who, after 1791, lived with him in the homes of various patrons. In 1793 he accompanied his father to Nanking where he studied for about five years under who was a pupil of his great-grandfather, Fang Tsê. In 1793 Fang Tung-shu became a hsiu-ts'ai, and a few years later, a senior licentiate—the highest degree that he was able to obtain. Though he competed in the provincial examinations until 1821, he was not successful.

In 1798 Fang Tung-shu lived as a tutor in the residence of Ch'ên Yung-kuang (see under ) at Hsin-ch'êng, Kiangsi, and thereafter, until 1810, he eked out a meagre livelihood as a teacher in the homes of the local gentry at various places in Anhwei and Kiangsu. In 1810 he went again to Nanking where he participated (1811) in the compilation of the Chiang-ning fu-chih (see under ). During the years 1812–16 he taught in the Anking yamen of the governor of Anhwei, Hu K'o-chia (see under ). After leaving Hu's office he was so poverty-stricken that he was once compelled, while in Nanking, to pawn his bedding to pay for his lodging in a temple. In the spring of 1819 he went to Canton where gave him a position as assistant compiler of the Kwangtung t'ung-chih, the compilation of which was supervised by his scholarly rival,. Fang left this position about a year later, and after serving (1821–22) as director in the Hai-mên 海門 Academy at Lien-chou, Kwangtung, he returned home. Shortly thereafter he again went (1822) to Kwangtung where he became (1823) director of the Shao-yang 韶陽 Academy at Shao-chou. During the years 1824–26 he taught at Canton in the yamen of Governor-general Juan Yüan. In 1826, when 238