Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/189

Rh known as the "red pill case" (紅丸案 hung-wan an, see under ), the second of the san-an. After his death the ministers requested the consort, Li, to return to her own palace, but she was ejected only after bitter quarreling between officials, eunuchs, and opportunists who saw possibilities of new political alignments with her in control of the fifteen-year-old Emperor Hsi-tsung (see under ). This episode, called the "removal case" (移宮案 i-kung an), furnished the third point of controversy over which the Tung-lin party and the eunuchs battled during the ruinous reign of Chu Ch'ang-lo's successor (see under and ). Chu Ch'ang-lo was given the temple name Kuang-tsung 光宗 and the posthumous name Chên Huang-ti 貞皇帝 and was buried in a mausoleum called Ch'ing-ling 慶陵.

[M.1/21, 22, 114, 120; 明史紀事本末 Ming-shih chi-shih pên-mo, 67, 68; 酌中志 Cho-chung chih, passim; 明季北略 Ming-chi pei-lüeh, 1/6a; 三朝野紀 San-ch'ao yeh-chi, 1/1a; 先撥志始 Hsien-po chih shih, passim; 明光宗貞皇帝實錄 Ming Kuang-tsung Chên Huang-ti shih-lu; Ming-shih ch'ao-lüeh (see under ), vol. 2.]

2em

 CHU Chien 朱珔, Nov., 1769–1850, May 24, official and scholar, was a native of Ching-hsien, Anhwei. His ancestors are said to have migrated from Soochow to Wu-yüan, Anhwei, at the close of the T'ang period, and later to Ching-hsien. His father, Chu An-pang 朱安邦, died when Chu Chien was only a few months old, and Chu Chien was reared as the adopted son of his deceased uncle, Chu An-kuei 朱安桂 , who died in 1760, age nineteen sui, nine years before Chu Chien was born. Chu Chien became a chin-shih in 1802 and was appointed a bachelor in the Hanlin Academy. In 1804 (ninth year of Jên-tsung), he was one of 167 officials who participated in the Imperial Banquet which took place in commemoration of a similar feast that was held in 1744 (ninth year of Kao-tsung). After he was released from study in the Academy, Chu was made a compiler and later a corrector in the bureau for the compilation of the Imperial Chronicles. In 1807 he acted as assistant examiner of Shantung, and after several promotions was appointed sub-expositor of the Hanlin Academy. In 1815 he asked leave to go home, but upon his return to Peking, two years later, was reinstated in his former post, serving concurrently as a reviser in the Historiographical Board.

During the years 1813–18 he was a chief reviser and assistant to and others in the compilation of the biographies of Ming emperors which were later published under the title, 明鑑 Ming-chien, 24 chüan. But references in the work to the Manchus of the late Ming period so offended the reigning dynasty that the editors were degraded and Chu Chien was lowered to the rank of a compiler in the Hanlin Academy. Work on the Ming-chien was resumed in 1818 under the direction of T'o-ching 托津 (富察氏, d. 1835) but Chu Chien was not invited to participate. He served twice (1820, 1822) as examiner in the metropolitan examination, and in 1821 was appointed a tutor in the Imperial School. Shortly thereafter he was made assistant Secretary to the Supervisorate of Imperial Instruction. In the autumn of the following year (1822) he resigned and returned home owing to the advanced age of his own mother, née Chao 趙 and of his foster mother, née Wang 汪. Before he could reach his native place, however, his foster mother died (1822). His own mother died two years later. Thereafter he devoted his remaining years to teaching, first in the Chung-shan Academy 鍾山書院 at Nanking, and later in the Chêng-i 正誼 and Tzŭ-yang 紫陽 Academies at Soochow. In 1848, owing to political unrest in Kiangsu, he resigned and returned to his native place where he died two years later.

Chu Chien was a man of wide learning, and in classical scholarship was regarded by some as the equal of and. He produced a work on the Shuo-wên, entitled 說文假借義證 Shuo-wên chia-chieh i-chêng, 28 chüan, first printed in 1893; another on the texts of the classics, entitled 經文廣異 Ching-wên kuang-i, 12 chüan; and a collection of annotations to the Wên-hsüan (see under ), entitled 文選集釋 Wên-hsüan chi-shih, 24 chüan, printed in 1875—this last being regarded by some as his most important contribution. He also compiled the 國朝古文彙鈔 Kuo-ch'ao ku-wên hui-ch'ao, 276 chüan, an anthology of essays by Ch'ing writers in the ku-wên style; and the 國朝詁經文鈔 Kuo-ch'ao ku-ching wên-ch'ao, 62 chüan, a collection of essays by Ch'ing scholars on the classics. His collected verse, entitled 小萬卷齋詩稿 Hsiao-wan-chüan chai shih-kao, 32 chüan, was first printed in 1829, a 177