Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/120

Rh Chêng's short works in prose, Ch'ao-ching-ch'ao wên (文) chi, 6 chüan; and a collection of poems by his son, Chêng Chih-t'ung 鄭知同, entitled 屈廬詩稿 Ch'ü-lu shih-kao, 4 chüan. About 1887 this son was engaged as chief editor of the printing press, Kuang-ya Shu-chü at Canton (see under ).

Chêng Chên produced several treatises on the classics and philology, among which may be mentioned a work on the Decorum Ritual, 儀禮私箋 I-li ssŭ-chien, 8 chüan; an illustrated study of the section on wheeled vehicles in the Record of Rites, entitled, Lun-yü (輪與) ssŭ-ch'ien (1868); and a work on family relations 親屬記 Ch'in-shu chi, 2 chüan (1892). On philological matters he produced the 說文新附考 Shuo-wên hsin-fu k'ao, 6 chüan (1878) and the 汗簡箋正 Han-chien chien-chêng, 8 chüan (1889).

[1/488/29a; 2/69/61b; 5/74/17b.]

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CHÊNG Ch'êng-kung 鄭成功, Aug. 28?, 1624–1662, June 23, southern Ming general who fought against the Ch'ing dynasty, was born in Hirado, near Nagasaki, the son of and a Japanese woman of the Tagawa 田川 family. At the age of seven (sui) he went to his ancestral hsien of Nan-an, Fukien, where at fifteen (sui) he was registered as a salaried licentiate. After the enthronement of on June 19, 1644 Chêng Ch'êng-kung went to Nanking where he studied in the Imperial Academy of Learning. At the same time he also received instruction from Hsü Fu-yüan 徐孚遠 and —obtaining from the latter the appellation Ta Mu 大木. After the fall of Nanking (June 8, 1645) and the establishment at Foochow of a new court (August 18, 1645) under the Prince of T'ang (see under ) Chêng Ch'êng-kung was presented by his father to the new emperor who apparently was pleased with him since he conferred on him the imperial surname, Chu 朱, and the personal name, Ch'êng-kung. He was made Assistant Controller of the Imperial Clan Court, treated as an imperial agnate, and was popularly known as Kuo-hsing-yeh 國姓爺 or "Lord of the Imperial Surname" from which the Dutch derived Koxinga (Koshinga, Coxinga) and the Spanish, Cotsen (Cogsin, Coseng). Having submitted a memorial to Chu Yü-chien on a plan to strengthen the position of the new court, Ch'êng-kung was given (in the third moon of 1646) the rank of Earl Chung-hsiao 忠孝伯 and the title of Chao-t'ao Ta Chiang-chün 招討大將軍 or "Field Marshal of the Punitive Expedition." He was immediately sent to guard the pass, Hsien-hsia kuan 仙霞關, near the border of Fukien and Chekiang. Later in the same year (1646) his father, who secretly favored the Ch'ing cause, cut off his supplies, forcing him to return to Foochow and leave unguarded the pass through which the Ch'ing army marched unmolested and captured Chu Yü-chien at T'ing-chou on October 6, 1646. When his father openly accepted the Ch'ing regime, Chêng Ch'êng-kung tried to dissuade him and, failing this, fled to Chin-mên and later to Namao where, raising an army, he continued to fight for the Ming cause. In 1647 he returned to Ku-lang-yü, an island near Amoy, consolidated his position, and initiated a campaign along the sea-coast of Fukien, taking a number of cities including T'ung-an (1648), Chang-p'u and Yün-hsiao (1649), all in Fukien province. Upon learning, in 1648, of the enthronement (December 24, 1646) of at Chao-ch'ing, Kwangtung, Ch'êng-kung in the same year sent a representative to congratulate the new emperor who immediately conferred upon him the title Marquis Wei-yüan 威遠侯 and later (1649) that of Duke Chang-kuo 漳國公. Defeated by the Ch'ing army under Su Li 蘇利 (1650) at Chieh-shih, near Lu-fêng, Kwangtung, Chêng Ch'êng-kung withdrew to Amoy where he killed his cousin, Chêng Lien 鄭聯, and combined the latter's troops with his own. Early in 1651 he was ordered by Chu Yu-lang to rescue Tu Yung-ho 社永和 then Ming governor-general of Liang-Kwang, who had been attacked by the Ch'ing troops and had retreated to Ch'iung-chou. Chêng left his uncle, Chêng Chih-kuan 鄭芝莞 (d. 1651), to protect Amoy and led his troops to the rescue, stopping at Ch'ao-yang, near Swatow, when a dispute arose among his subordinates. During his absence the Ch'ing forces under seized his patrimony and he hastened back to Amoy (May 19, 1651), executed his uncle, and began a campaign of retaliation along the Fukien coast. In the following year took refuge at Amoy where Chêng Ch'êng-kung offered him financial support, but at the same time showed no inclination to carry out his orders. Repeatedly defeated, the Ch'ing forces concentrated at Ch'üan-chou, whereupon Chêng took Ch'ang- 108