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Nai see.

Chiu see.

Tsu is composed of an obsolete word meaning to bend, to wave, and 矢 shih an arrow, but is now classed under radical 方 fang square. It seems to have originally meant a bundle of arrow-heads, from which it is easy to reach such meanings as clan, family. It came to be used in the sense of agnatic relatives, especially of these nine degrees, as early as the 書經 Shu Ching Canon of History (lines, ).

Jen see.

Chih see. Here obviously of possessive influence.

Lun is composed of jen man as radical, and an important phonetic (see ) made up of an old radical 亼, now used for 集 chi collected together, and 册 ts'ê (see ), which phonetic means to think, to arrange. The primary sense of lun was constant, invariable; then it came to mean classes, relationships (see ), obligations, etc. [Eitel strangely renders this line by "which constitute mankind's determined order."]

Fu see.

Tzŭ see.