Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/53

Rh Ch'ang, which is also read shang, is composed of shang as phonetic, and 巾 chin a cloth, a towel, as radical. It means constant, long-enduring, something which is always present even though obscured by neglect. The term virtue is our nearest equivalent to the extended sense.

Pu see.

Jung is composed of radical 宀 mien meaning a covered place, a room, and 谷 ku a valley. It means to hold, to contain,—a property both of rooms and valleys, says a native philologer,—and by extension to tolerate.

Wên is composed of 文 wên streaks as phonetic, with 糹ssŭ, silk as radical. It signifies confusion such as that of a tangled skein, but something more is required to bring out the sense, which is that no one can be allowed to shirk the practice of the five virtues in however trifling a degree. Julien has, "These cardinal virtues must not be confounded (disturbed in their order);" Père Zottoli, "ista quinque officia non patiuntur perturbari;" and Eitel, "These are the five constant factors of morality, which do not admit of any confusion." All three renderings are obviously inadequate.

Tao is composed of 禾 ho grain and a common phonetic. It was anciently applied to glutinous rice, but is now used of common rice.

Liang is composed of 米 mi rice as radical, below a contraction of 粱 liang as phonetic. It is the millet of north China,