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156 names of these Tartar monarchs. But the term ti hao may well be the equivalent of 尊號 tsun hao the Imperial title, the confusion being caused by two sets of Emperors, either Sung and Liao or Sung and Chin, reigning at the same time.]

Tai see.

Mieh see.

Liao see.

Sung see.

Yu see.

Ts'un is composed of 子 tzŭ son as radical, and 才 ts'ai as phonetic, and originally meant to enquire compassionately. It now means to keep, to preserve, to be alive, etc. [The Sungs, after the destruction of the Liaos, found themselves on even worse terms of hostility with the Chins, whose rulers had taken the Imperial title.]

Chih see.

Yüan is composed of 一 i one, and 兀 wu which originally meant high and level. Hence it means beginning, origin. It here stands for the Mongol dynasty, the foundations of which were laid by Genghis Khan, the first actual Emperor being Kublai Khan, A.D. 1260–1295. It was formerly classed under