Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/116



Ch'u is composed of 林 lin a forest, one half of which is the radical under which it is now classed, and 疋 (now a piece or bale) an old form of 足 tsu foot, as phonetic. Its chief meanings are to punish, clear, perspicuous; but it is here only the name of a State.

Han is composed of 水 shui water as radical, and a contraction of 難 nan difficult as phonetic. It originally meant waves, and is the name of a famous river. It has also been applied to the Milky Way, and is here the name of a State.

Chêng is composed of 爪, chao claws, its modern radical, which is the picture of a hand with the back uppermost, 又 yu a hand, and an obsolete character meaning to drag, i.e. two hands tugging.

Kao see.

Tsu see. [Kao tsu is a "temple name," often bestowed after death upon the first Emperor of a dynasty. The Emperor here in question was 劉邦 Liu Pang, a quondam beadle, who in B.C. 202, after a successful revolution, mounted the throne as first Emperor of the Han dynasty.]

Hsing is composed of 臼 chiu a mortar with 同 t'ung inserted, the lower portion being originally a pair of hands holding up the mortar (cf. ). It means by extension to prosper. [Eitel wrongly translates "Kao Tsu, being victorious."]