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Rh precisely what Chieh Kuei had been under the Hsia dynasty, the immediate cause of its downfall.

Wang see.

Chou see.

Wu see.

Wang see.

Shih see. [The value of shih in this combination seems to have been missed by translators. The character carries within it a reference to the previous opposition of King Wu's father, who however had not achieved any tangible result. Hence King Wu shih was the first = finally. Père Zottoli has "tunc occidit T'cheou;" but tunc is inadequate, and there is no aspirate in the proper name. Eitel has for the two lines, "The founder of the Cheu dynasty was Wu Wang, He having made a commencement by destroying the tyrant Cheu."]

Chu is composed of 言 yen words as radical, and 朱 chu a pearl as phonetic, and originally meant to punish.

Chou see.

Pa see.

Pai see.