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Chapter 3 Human Health and Performance Risks of Space Exploration Missions striction. Subjects who spent 3 hours in bed reached levels of severe impairment at 5 days, while subjects who spent 5 hours in bed reached levels of impairment at 4 days.

Figure 3-2. Performance lapses for time in bed (TIB) over 14 days of sleep restriction (Van Dongen et al., 2003).

These Category I laboratory studies by Van Dongen et al. (2003) and Belenky et al. (2003) clearly show that subjects suffered performance impairments resulting from total sleep deprivation and/or chronic sleep restriction.

Figure 3-3. PVT performance lapses for TIB over 7 days sleep restriction (Belenky et al, 2002). Risk of Performance Errors Due to Sleep Loss, Circadian Desynchronization, Fatigue, and Work Overload 92