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 eight and a third pounds sterling. This valuation was to some extent punitive. In 1644, when tobacco was worth one and a half pence a pound, a bull was appraised in York at four hundred, and fifty pounds.

The records covering the period immediately previous to 1649, do not indicate that the number of horned cattle belonging to individual planters was very large. Edward Perceval of York owned ten head; John Sakers of the same county, twenty-three; William Stafford, also of York, twenty-seven. Robert Glasseock of Lower Norfolk owned seven head; the May estate in the same county, twelve; and the Yates estate, thirteen. These holdings were probably fairly representative of the different parts of the Colony, although in the aggregate the number of cattle was very large. In all of these instances, a considerable number of hogs must be added. There appear