Page:Early Man in Britain and His Place in the Tertiary Period.djvu/560

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mouth of Thames, 19; on Eocene mammals (note), 26; on the lower Eocene birds, 28; on the ape, Dryopithecus Fontani, 58.

Owl, snowy, 219.

Ox (Bos etruscus), 83; (Bos), first appearance, 87; (Urus), 127; (Bos palæindicus), 166; wild, 257; of the Neolithic age, 297, 298.

Palæolithic tribes, 5; implements in the Thames valley, 156; implements found at Battersea and Hammersmith, 159; implements in the late Pleistocene river beds, 163; Inter- glacial (note), 171; man in the Victoria Cave (note), 187; men of the caves of Somerset, 193; of Kent's Hole, 194; age, subdivisions of, proposed by de Mortillet, 199. See also River-drift man and Cave-man.

Palermo caves, flint flakes, etc., found by, 205.

Palestine, River-drift man in, 165, 166.

Palms, Meiocene, 50; dwarf fan, 50; feather, 51; Palmacites, 25, 48; Flabellaria, 26; Nipadites, 26.

Palstave, Nettleham, Lincolnshire (fig.), 350; bronze, tin mine, Villeder (fig.), 404.

Panicum miliaceum (common millet), 301.

Papaver somniferum antiquum (poppies), 301.

Parroquets, 55.

, M. J., on the Grotte de l'Eglise, 198 ; researches into the caves of the Vezère (note), 202.

, on the Eskimos and their dead, 235.

Partridge, gray, 219.

, on the discovery of mammoth in Caithness, 152.

Pears, 302.

Peas (Pisum sativum), 301

, on the lignites of Bovey Tracey (note), 47; exploration of Kent's Hole, 194; conclusions as to two sets of implements representing two social states, 198; on submerged forest of Torbay, 251; on stalagmite (note), 264.

, Rooke, specimens of bones, etc., from Windy Knoll, 188.

Personal ornaments in the Iron age, 428.

, Boucher de, researches in strata of the Somme valley, etc., 163.

Pharaoh, Thothmes III., hunts elephants in 16th century B.C., 107.

Pheasants, 59, 61; introduced by the Romans, 489

Philip of Macedon, gold staters of, 437.

, J. A., on a mode of reducing tin ore at Zamora, Spain, 401; analysis of ancient bronzes, 410.

Phœnicians and their influence, 451; possessed no art of their own, 455; in the west, 456; spread of commerce in Britain, 457.

Physical relations of forest bed (fig.), 130; characters of the French people (map), 326.

Physique of Neolithic population in Britain and Ireland, 309; of Bronze-folk in Britain, 315.

Pick, miner's, Grimes Graves (fig.), 277.

, W., history of amber (note), 417.

Pika (Lagomys), 40, 96, 98.

Pike incised on canine of bear, Duruthy cave (fig.), 219.

Pile-dwellings, 291, 292; in Bronze age in Britain, 352.

Pin Hole, Cresswell Crags, superstition connected with, 176.

Pinus abies (spruce fir), 145; plutonis (fir tree), 49; sylvestris, montana, 145.

Pisum sativum (peas), 301.

Placental mammals, invasion of Europe by, the starting-point for inquiry into the ancient history of man, 14.

Pleiocene stage of the Tertiary period, characteristics of, 9; group of the Tertiary strata, 10; period, biological and physical changes in north- western Europe before the arrival of man, 70-93; strata of Britain, 71; grouping of, 72; age, geography of Britain in the, 72; (map), 73; mountains, 74; rivers, 75; (lower) mammalia of France, 79; flora, 77; climate, 78; mammalia in Britain, 84; (upper) mammalia of France, 80; of Italy, 83; (upper) mammalia (fig.), 86; man, evidence of, in France and Italy unsatisfactory, 90.

Pleistocene period, stage of the Tertiary period, characteristics of, 10; definition of, 94; survivals from Pleiocene period, 9; incoming living species of temperate habit, 96; incoming Arctic species, 99; incoming species