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383; hoards of bronze-smith, 384; materials for smelting, and implements for working, bronze, 385; arms, 386; ornaments, 38 ; lake-dwellings, 388; in Scandinavia, 389; sculptures in Scandinavia, 392; analysis of British bronze, articles of, 408; of French articles, 409; introduction of, and of bronze civilisation, into Europe, 397; Palstave, tin mine, Villeder (fig.), 404; metallurgy of, 407; more ancient than brass, 410; introduced into Europe from one centre, 410; knowledge of, derived from Asia Minor, 412; implements, the earliest in Europe, 413; industry, development of, 413; local centres of bronze industry in the, 414; duration of, north of the Alps, 420; commercial relations of Britain in the, 421; shield, Giffin Castle, Ayrshire (fig.), 427; head-ring, Stitchel (fig.), 429; Brooch, Victoria Cave, Yorkshire (fig.), 443.

Brooch, bronze, Victoria Cave (fig.), 443.

, on River-drift man in India, 166.

on sculpture on rocks of Sweden, 393.

Bryn-yr-Ellyllon cairn, 433

Bubalus namadicus (Buffalo), 166.

Buffalo (Bubalus namadicus), 166.

Bullace plums, 302.

Burial of the dead by Neolithic tribes, 284; customs of Bronze age, 366; customs of the Iron age, 429.

Burnt sacrifice in Isle of Man in the year 1859, 338.

, pile-dwellings, 292; proofs of mining and smelting in the land of Midian, 407.

, on grisly bear, 97; on animals found at Cresswell Crags, 177; on remains of Cave-men, 225; on physique of Neolithic Britons, 310; leg bones of the same, 313; on the Berbers of Northern Africa, 324.

, on migration of bisons, etc., 189.

Callitritis (cypress), 26.

Camelopardalis (giraffe), 40.

, pile-dwellings, 292.

Camphor tree, 51, 52, 53.

Camps of Neolithic tribes, 281.

Canine of cave-bear, Wookey Hole (fig.), 108; upper, of Machairodus, Robin Hood Cave (fig.), 186.

Canis (dog family), 87; lupus (wolf), 98; vulpes (fox), 98; lagopus (Arctic fox), 99.

Cap, golden, Devil's Bit, Tipperary (fig.), 428.

, specimens of cut bones found in Tuscany, described by, 92 on discovery of ancient tin mines 405; on Italian amber, 419.

Capercailzie, 219, 303.

Capra ibex (ibex), 101; beden, 101; Sibirica, 101.

Caraway seeds (Carum carni), 293, 302.

Carnivores, incoming, of temperate zone, 97.

Carpentry in Bronze age, tools used, 359.

, absence of pottery in French caves, 209.

, incised bones the result of friction, 259.

Carving of Cave-men, 213, 214, 215, 217, 219, 220, 221.

Castleton, Caves, 188.

Castor (beaver), 40; fiber, 98.

Catchfly, Cretan (weed), 302.

Cat-Hole cave, bronze implements in, 55.

Cats, 40, 257, 262; (Felis Christolii), 80; (Caffer) Felis coffer Desm.=Felis caligata Tem.), 103, 111; wild (Felis catus ferus), 98.

Cattle, English breed of, 491.

Cave-bear, canine of (fig.), 108, 109; incised on fragment of schist, Bas Massat (fig.), 216; as food for Cave-men, 216.

Cave-lion, canines of, in Duruthy cave, 216.

Cave-men, 100; and the advance of culture, 174-245; throughout Europe in the same stage of culture, 203; their range compared with that of River-drift men, 204; civilisation of, dwellings, 205; domestic pursuits, no pottery, 208; means of obtaining fire, 210; implement-making, sewing, 210; dress and ornaments, 211; hunting, 212; fowling, 218; fishing, 219; sculpture, 223; their skeletons, 224; their relation to River-drift men, 230; to Eskimos, 233; not represented among present populations of Europe, 242; general conclusions on, 244.

Caves of mid Pleistocene age, 143; existence of ossiferous, 144; two oldest,