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 # See, e.g., Lee Drutman, Why Bipartisanship in the Senate Is Dying, (Sept. 27, 2021), https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-bipartisanship-in-the-senate-is-dying/ (“[A] bipartisan record has become a liability in today’s electoral environment.”).
 * 1) See, e.g.,,  (2016) (arguing that because of our polarized environment, both parties can reasonably believe in their prospects of controlling Congress, and have no incentive to compromise on legislation); Sarah A. Binder, The Dynamics of Legislative Gridlock, 1947–96, 93  519 (1999) (finding that less legislation passes under divided legislatures); James N. Druckman, Erik Peterson & Rune Slothuus, How Elite Partisan Polarization Affects Public Opinion Formation, 107  57 (2013) (showing that the way individuals make decisions fundamentally changes in polarized environments); Anne E. Wilson, Victoria A. Parker & Matthew Feinberg, Polarization in the Contemporary Political and Media Landscape, 34  223, 223 (2020) (“[P]eople’s misperceptions of division among the electorate … can contribute to a self-perpetuating cycle fueling animosity (affective polarization) and actual ideological polarization over time.”).
 * 2) Sam Rosenfeld, The Polarizers: Postwar Architects of Our Partisan Era 3 (2018).
 * 3) Andrew Chung, U.S. Supreme Court Not Politicized, Says Chief Justice Roberts,  (Sept. 24, 2019), https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-chiefjustice/u-s-supreme-court-not-politicized-says-chief-justice-roberts-idUSKBN1WA08F.
 * 4) Wittes Testimony, supra, at 5.
 * 5) Stat Pack for the Supreme Court’s 2020–21 Term,  (July 2, 2021), https://www.scotusblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Final-Stat-Pack-07.02.2021.pdf (showing that forty-three percent of the October Term 2020 cases were decided unanimously, with only fifteen percent of cases neatly polarized along ideological lines).
 * 6) See Ephrat Livni, Americans Trust the Supreme Court More than Other Government Branches,  (Oct. 26, 2019), https://qz.com/1735709/americans-trust-supreme-court-more-than-other-government-branches; Frank Newport, Americans Trust Judicial Branch Most, Legislative Least,  (Sept. 26, 2012), https://news.gallup.com/poll/157685/americans-trust-judicial-branch-legislative-least.aspx.
 * 7) Justin McCarthy, Approval of the Supreme Court Is Highest Since 2009,  (Aug. 5, 2020), https://news.gallup.com/poll/316817/approval-supreme-court-highest-2009.aspx.
 * 8) Id. (showing a table where the trend lines cross for Democrats and Republicans in early 2017).
 * 9) Nearly 7 in 10 Say Recent Rise in COVID-19 Deaths Was Preventable, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Job Approval for Supreme Court Drops to All-Time Low,  (Sept. 15, 2021), https://poll.qu.edu/poll-release?releaseid=3820.
 * 10) Peck Testimony, supra.
 * 11) See Mark D. Ramirez, Procedural Perceptions and Support for the U.S. Supreme Court, 29  675, 675 (2008) (“[T]he Supreme Court does not possess the budgetary power of Congress or the enforcement power of the President.”).
 * 12) See, e.g., Brandon L. Bartels & Christopher D. Johnston, On the Ideological Foundations of Supreme Court Legitimacy in the American Public, 57  184, 184 (2013) (“For an institution like the U.S. Supreme Court to render rulings that carry authoritative force, it must maintain a sufficient reservoir of institutional legitimacy.”).
 * 13) The Federalist (Dawson)/74, at 392 (Alexander Hamilton) (Ian Shapiro ed., 2009).
 * 14) See Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833, 865 (1992) (“The Court’s power lies, rather, in its legitimacy, a product of substance and perception that shows itself in the people’s acceptance of the Judiciary as fit to determine what the Nation’s law means and to declare what it demands.”).
 * 15) Benjamin N. Cardozo, The Nature of the Judicial Process 43 (1921).
 * 16) See, e.g., Dylan Matthews, The Supreme Court Is Too Powerful and Anti-Democratic. Here’s How We Can Scale Back Its Influence.,  (Sept. 29, 2020), https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/21451471/supreme-court-justice-constitution-ryan-doerfler; Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States 2 (June 30,