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TABLE V. Unemployment in Insured Trades: July 29 1921.

Industry

Estimated No. of Insured Workpeople

No. of Unemployment Bks. and O.W.D. Policies remaining lodged at July 29 1921

Percentage Unemploved at July 29

Males

Females

Total

Males

Females

Total

Males

Fe- males

Total

Building and Works of Construction

1,020,430

9-030

1.029,460

158,065

456

158,521

15-49

5-05

15-40

Shipbuilding

340,160

6,280

346,440

112,767

726

' 13,493

33-15

11-56

32-76

Engineering and Ironfoundring

1,163,53

101,460

1,264,990

276,107

14,396

290,503

23-73

14-19

22-96

Construction and Repair of Vehicles

294,960

26,440

321,400

3 '.490

6,050

37,54

10-68

22-88

11-68

Sawmilling and Machined Woodwork

210,610

44,290

254,900

32.224

6,573

38,797

15-30

14-84

15-22

Ammunition, Explosives, Chemicals, etc.

214,500

96,050

310.550

36,849

8,054

44,903

17-18

8-39

14-46

Metal Trades

628,310

203,450

831,760

198,839

43.281

242,120

31-65

21-27

29-11

Rubber and Leather Trades

103,820

65,300

169,120

13,854

8,950

22,804

13-34

I3-7I

13-48

Bricks, Tiles, etc.

73,io

12,100

85,200

10,507

2,394

12,901

14-37

19-79

iS-H

Pottery, Earthenware, etc.

30,040

31.440

61,480

4,102

3,658

7,76o

13-66

11-63

12-62

Glass Trades (Excl. optical, scientific, etc.)

32,580

7-770

40,350

10,388

2,104

12,492

31-88

27-08

30-96

Hotel, College, Club, etc., Service.

99,150

198,100

297,250

9.737

25.440

35,177

9-82

12-84

11-83

Laundry Service

16,810

85,730

102,540

852

5,281

6,133

5-07

6-16

5-98

Commercial, Clerical, Insurance and

Banking

175,660

131,480

307,140

8,006

4,496

12,502

4-56

3-42

4-07

Transport Services

769,500

35.090

804,590

141,306

3,319

144,625

18-36

9-46

17-97

1,2^5,780

11,220

1,247,000

120,615

909

121,524

9-76

8-10

9'75

Printing and Paper Trades ...

205,760

139,630

345.390

18,304

15,407

33,7"

8-90

11-03

9-76

Textile Trades

485-770

782,130

1,267,900

59424

110,338

169,762

12-23

14-11

13-39

Dress .........

230,530

436,400

666,930

25,208

47.573

72,781

10-93

10-90

10-91

Food, Drink and Tobacco

289,960

195,840

485,800

24.731

21,473

46,204

8-53

10-96

9-51

Miscellaneous Trades and Services.

1,208,360

742,240

1,950,600

132,693

46,750

179.443

10-98

6-30

9-20

Total

8,829,320

3,361,470

12,190,790

1,426,068

377,628

1,803,696

16-15

11-23

14-80

these Acts, reliable statistics of unemployment in respect of over 12,000,000 workpeople became for the first time available. At July 29 1921, the number of unemployment books lodged in respect of total unemployment was 1,802,909, while in addition ,787 persons were claiming out-of-work donation, making a total of 1,803,696, or 14-80% of the total number insured.

Table V. shows by main industrial groups and by sex the number of persons insured under the Unemployment Insurance Acts, 1920 and 1921, and the number and percentage 'of persons totally unemployed .whose unemployment books or out-of-work donation policies re- mained lodged at July 29 1921.

Table VI. analyzes the figures in respect of systematic short time working by main industrial groups and by sex.

An applicant for unemployment benefit under the Acts was required to prove continuous unemployment, and it was pro- vided that two periods of unemployment of not less than two days each, separated by a period of not more than two days during which the insured contributor had not been employed for more than 24 hours, or two periods of unemployment of not less than six l days each, separated by an interval of not more than six weeks, should be treated as continuous unemploy- ment for this purpose. Persons employed in establishments where, owing to depression in trade, the number of working days had been reduced on a systematic basis in such a manner as to fall within the above provision, were accordingly eligible for benefit. The number of persons claiming benefit in respect of systematic short time working at July 29 1921 was 534,253, or 4-38% of the total number of persons insured. Among males the percentage amounted to 3-15, while among females the per- centage was 7-61. (J. H.) UNITED STATES

There were in 1921 no exact data on the number of unemployed in the United States. Studies made by the Federal Government and by the states were based chiefly on information received from the labour unions, and represented unemployment among organized labour only. For some years Massachusetts pub- lished a Quarterly Report on Employment, which combined re- ports from the trade unions and the employment offices, and later also from Boards of Trade, Employers' Associations and editors of trade journals, as well as statistics of building oper- ations in the cities. The publication is continued from March 1920 in the quarterly Massachusetts Industrial 'Review. In 1915 New York State inaugurated the practice of compiling statistics

1 Prior to June 30 1921, a period of three days was admitted.

on unemployment from reports received from representative manufacturers of the state. These statistics are published monthly in The Bulletin and Labor Market. The Wisconsin Industrial Commission has adopted the New York plan of em- ployment records for statistical studies covering the period since 1915. Other states do not publish regular records.

TABLE VI. Short Time: July 29 1921.

Industry

Number of Short Time Workers claiming U. I. Benefit and Donation, July 29 1921

Percentage on Systematic Short Time July 29 1921

laid

Females

Total

Males

Females

Total

Building and Works

of Construction

5,930

25

5,955

0-58

0-28

0-58

Shipbuilding

8,945

97

9,042

2-63

1-54

2-61

Engineering and Iron-

founding.

68,141

2,968

71,109

5-86

2-93

5-62

Construction and Re-

pair of Vehicles

5,310

785

6,095

I -80

2-97

1-90

Sawmilling and Ma-

chined Woodwork.

4,846

1,701

6,547

2-30

3-84

2-57

Ammunition, Explo-

sives, Chemicals, etc.

8,653

2,779

11,432

4-03

2-89

3-68

Metal Trades.

36,954

12,183

49.137

5-88

5-99

5-91

Rubber and Leather

Trades.

3.731

2,886

6,617

3-59

4-42

3-91

Bricks, Tiles, etc.

655

7i

726

0-90

o-59

0-85

Pottery, Earthenware,

etc

261

87

348

0-87

0-28

o-57

Glass Trades (excl.

Optical, Scientific

etc.). . ..

1.725

' 388

2,113

5-29

4-99

5-24

Hotel, College, Club,

etc., Service.

IS'

262

4'3

0-15

0-13

0-14

Laundry Service

33

269

302

O-20

0-31

0-29

Commercial, Clerical,

Insurance and

Banking.

178

IOO

278

O-IO

0-08

0-09

Transport Service

6,489

325

6,814

0-84

o-93

0-85

Mining Industry

4.665

20

4,685

0-38

0-18

0-38

Printing and Paper

Trades.

6,047

8,725

14,772

2-94

6-25

4-28

Textile Trades.

91,696

174,893

266,589

18-88

22-36

21-03

Dress ....

10,716

36,558

47,274

4-65

8-38

7-09

Food, Drink and To-

bacco

2,310

7.207

9,517

0-80

3-68

1-96

Miscellaneous Trades

and Services.

10,868

3.620

14,488

0-90

o-49

0-74

Total

278,304

255.949

534,253

.Vi5

7-61

4-38