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Rh providing " that married women be and are hereby fully emanci- pated from all disability on account of coverture, and the com- mon law as to the disabilities of married women and its effect on the rights of property of the wife is totally abrogated." On April i 1913 the Legislature ratified the amendment to the Federal Constitution for popular election of U.S. senators. In 1915 a law was passed providing for mothers' pensions. In 1917 the letting of prison labour to private contractors was prohibited, and an Act was passed forbidding the limiting of the output of coal for increasing the price. The same year a State Budget Commission was created, having as its members the governor, the comptroller, the treasurer, the secretary of state, and the auditor. The wilful setting fire to any woods was made a felony. On Aug. 1 8 1920 the House by 50 to 46 voted to concur in the Senate resolution (adopted Aug. 13 by five to four), ratifying the proposed amendment to the Federal Constitution, providing for woman suffrage. As the 36th state (out of the 48 in the American Union) to ratify, Tennessee brought the number up to the requisite three-fourths. The contest among the legislators was bitter, and there were attempts to rescind the House's action on constitutional grounds. Governor Roberts, however, on Aug. 24, sent certification of the state's ratification to Secre- tary of State Colby, who on Aug. 26 proclaimed the Federal amendment for woman suffrage to be in effect.

In the World War Tennessee furnished to the army, navy and marine corps 91,386 men. Contributions to the various war loans were as follows: First Liberty Loan $10,924,800; Second $26,043,650; Third $33,783,250; Fourth $55,867,250; Victory Loan $37,555,450-

Recent governors have been: Malcolm R. Patterson (Dem.), 1907-11; Benjamin W. Hooper (Rep.), 1911-5; Thomas C. Rye (Dem.), 1915-9; A. H. Roberts (Dem.), 1919-21; Alfred A. Taylor (Rep.), 1 92 1-. (G.C.S.) TENNIEL, SIR JOHN (1820-1914), English artist (see 26.626), died in London Feb. 25 1914. TERMONDE (see 26.645). Pop. (1914) 10,138. The town, up to 1906, was still considered one of the five " fortified places " in Belgium, but as the fortifications had not been demolished at the time of the German invasion in 1914 the Belgians decided to defend it. In an early attempt to outflank Antwerp the Germans bombarded and took Termonde, setting fire to it and destroying three-fourths of the town, including the Hotel de Ville and the spire and vaulting of the isth Century Gothic church of Notre Dame. The Belgians reoccupied the town on Sept. 10 1914; on Sept. 16 the Germans renewed the bombardment and com- pleted its destruction. Von Beseler's army forced the passage of the Scheldt here on Oct. 7.

Rebuilding was being actively carried on in 1921, together with the reestablishment of its industries of rope making, bleaching, wire drawing and cotton spinning. The old Butchers' Hall has been transformed into a museum. TERRY, EDWARD O'CONNOR (1844-1912), English actor (see 26.660), died in London April 3 1912. TERRY, ELLEN ALICIA (1848- ), English actress (see 26.660), appeared as Mistress Page in The Merry Wives of Windsor at His Majesty's theatre, London, in 1911, on the occasion of a special performance to celebrate the coronation of King George V., and made her last regular stage appearance as the Nurse in Romeo and Juliet, produced by Miss Doris Keane at the Lyric theatre, London, in 1919. Her sister, MARION TERRY (b. 1856), appeared in H. Vachell's Fishpingle at the Haymarket theatre in 1916 and in Tolstoy's Reparation at the St. James's theatre in 1919. TETANUS or LOCKJAW (see 26.669). One of the chief triumphs of preventive medicine during the World War was in the treat- ment of this disease. The appearance of tetanus in the British army during the early days of the retreat from Mons was so terrifying a phenomenon that immediate steps were taken to cope with it. It had been suggested that the disease might be prevented if a dose of anti-tetanus serum was given as soon as a wound was sustained, for, as is well known, some days elapse before the bacilli, which remain in the wound, are able to secrete sufficient poison to precipitate an attack. The suggestion was carried out and was immediately successful. From that time every wound, no matter how slight, was followed as soon as possible by a dose of anti-tetanic serum. The War Office set up a committee for the study of tetanus (1914-8) under Gen. Sir David Bruce.

Sir David Bruce later presented to the Research Defence Society a paper dealing with the results of his labours. Out of 1,242,000 wounded men who were sent home to England 1,458 cases of tetanus arose, giving a ratio of rather more than i per i ,000. How favourably this general figure compares with earlier ones is shown by the fact that in Sept. 1914 the ratio of tetanus cases to wounds was 9 per 1,000. In Oct. 1918 the ratio was 0-5 per 1,000. Thus the incidence of cases of tetanus in Sept. 1914 was 18 times as heavy as in the last month of the war.

A sudden fall in the incidence took place in Nov. 1914 when

preventive inoculation, which was introduced about the middle

of Oct. 1914, had begun to exercise its beneficial effects. The

following figures giving the number of cases of tetanus per 1000

wounded men make this clear:

Cases of

Tetanus

Sept. 1914 9

Oct. 1914 Nov. 1914 Dec. 1914 Jan. 1915

7'3 2-3 1-4 o-o

Feb. 1915 March 1915 April 1915 May 1915 June 1915

Cases of

Tetanus

i-i

0-4

O-8 O-2

The same experience was met with in the French and German armies. As soon as preventive inoculation with anti-tetanic

UNPROTECTED No Inoculation

PROTECTED

Inoculations

serum became a universal practice the incidence of tetanus dropped sharply and remained small. Later in the war, June 1917, it was ordered that each wounded man should receive not one inoculation as formerly but four, at intervals of a week. This was on account of the fact that the minimizing effect of the serum passes away rather quickly.

The effect is not always to prevent absolutely. But even in those cases in which tetanus does supervene in spite of the inoculations the incubation period is lengthened and the death-rate is lowered. It is well known that, other things being equal, along incubation period tends to result in a milder attack than a short incubation period, thus any circumstance prolonging the incu- bation period will also tend to lower the death-rate. The diagram, fig. I (after Sir David Bruce), shows clearly how successful were the inocula- tions in lengthening the incubation period.

In other words only 26-9 % of the inoculated are attacked during, the first fortnight, whereas 68-9 % of the uninoculated are attacked. Among the protected 40-0 % have an incu- bation period of more than 35 days; among the unprotected only Fit a.

6-5%. The average incubation among inoculated is 45-5 days, among uninoculated 10-9 days.