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The U.S. Shipping Board has allotted many of its best vessels to various companies for service on the Pacific. The " Wenatchee " and " Creole State " are typical of the 535-ft. vessels so appropri- ated. These vessels are 535 ft. overall, 516 ft. between perpendicu- lars, with a beam of 72 ft., and moulded depth 27-8 ft., and to "A" deck 50 ft.; about 14,000 tons gross. When loaded to a draught of 30-6 ft. their total dead-weight is 10,000 tons, and total displace- ment 21,250 tons. They have accommodation for 257 first-class and 300 second-class passengers, besides 200 of ship's company. They can also carry 6,700 tons of cargo, and can maintain 17 J knots for long distances, having obtained over 19 knots in some cases on trial. They are fitted with water-tube boilers 265 lb., and 75 superheat. Westinghouse double-flow type turbines are fitted, run at 3,650 revolutions, with double reduction gearing, to drive two propellers at no revolutions. The smaller vessels of the same type are 522 ft. overall, 502 ft. between perpendiculars; breadth 62 ft. and depth to " A " deck 42 ft. They only carry 78 passengers, but they can take another 1,000 tons of cargo. They are fitted with cylindrical boilers 220 lb., and two sets of four-cylinder triple expan- sion engines giving 6,000 H.P. for 14 knots at 105 revolutions.

For service between Europe and Australia, via The Cape, the " Ceramic," of 18,481 tons and 17 knots, triple screw, of the White Star line, was the finest and largest vessel running in 1921. She was built by Harland & Wolff in 1913, and can carry 19,590 tons cargo, and bunkers, at a sea speed of 17 knots, with a maximum of l8| knots. For the India and Australia service of the P. & O., a new series of " N " class of steamers was being built. The first of these " Naldera," 15,825 tons, was built by Caird, and used by the Government during the war. " Narkunda," 16,118 tons, was the first liner to be completed by Harland & Wolff at Belfast after the war. These are vessels of 18} knots speed. For the India service direct a new series " M " class was being built. Typical of these is the " Mongolia," built by Armstrong, 550 ft. x 72 ft. x 42-3 ft. When loaded to a draught of 30 ft. they will have a displacement of 24,500 tons, and 15,550 tons gross, and carry a dead-weight of about 13,000 tons. They can carry over 400 first- and second-class passengers, and of seven cargo-holds two are insulated. Two later vessels " Maloja " and " Mopltan " are 20,700 tons gross.

The Cunard Co. has also built a number of vessels of the " Auso- nia " type for the Cape and Australia services. These vessels are 519 ft. x 65-3 ft. x 43 ft., and 13,000 tons gross at a draught of 29-6 feet. Their displacement is 20,420 tons with a dead-weight of 10,120. Geared turbines of 8,500 H.P. are fitted for a speed of 15 knots. They can carry over 500 cabin passengers and about 1,200 third- class. The " Ausonia " is remarkable, as making a record of 1,000 ships built by Messrs. Armstrong, of a total of 3,000,000 tons. Of these, 800 were merchant ships and 200 were warships.

The Australian Government was in 1921 providing itself with seven liners of 12,500 tons, 15 knots full speed, built on the Isher- wood longitudinal system. The " Largs Bay," built by Messrs. Beardmore, may be taken as typical of all five. She is 530 ft. long, breadth 68-3 ft., depth 39-8 ft., 12,500 tons gross tonnage, and can carry 12,000 tons dead-weight at a draught of 29 ft. 9 in. and dis- placement 23,120 tons. She can carry 730 third-class and about a dozen first-class passengers. Machinery, of 9,000 S.H.P. on two shafts, is provided for a speed of 15 knots; Parsons' geared turbines are fitted in two complete sets. The h.p. turbines run at 3,200 revolutions, and l.p. turbines at 2,100. They are independently connected to the shafts by double reduction gearing 35-5 to I, and 23-4 to I respectively, giving a speed of propellers of 90 revolutions per minute, and on each ship astern turbines are provided equal to 60 to 65 % of the full power ahead.

South Africa. For the direct service to the Cape the Union Castle line added the " Balmoral Castle," of 13,361 tons, of 18 knots maxi- mum speed, in 1911. Two very fine vessels had in 1921 been recently added: the " Arundel Castle," and "Windsor Castle," 650 ft. x 72 ft., and of 19,000 tons gross. They were the first four-funnelled ships on the Cape line, and were fitted with 15,000 H.P., and single reduction gear, to two shafts, for a sea speed of 17 knots. They could carry 273 first-, 224 second- and 566 third-class passengers, besides the crew of 400, and a large cargo, the total dead-weight being 14,000 tons.

Coast and Channel Steamers, etc. The finest recent vessels of these types have been built in America. Two remarkable vessels, the " Great Northern " and " Northern Pacific," built by Cramp in 1915 for service between San Francisco and Astoria, are 8,255 tons gross and 24 knots speed. They are 500 ft. x 63 ft. x 50-5 ft., moulded, to promenade deck. When loaded to 2l-ft. draught they have dead-weight of 2,185 tons and displacement of 9,700. They carry 550 first-class passengers and 316 second and third-class passengers. They are fitted with 12 water tube boilers of the Mosher type, and Parsons turbines driving three screws, and giving 22,000 S.H.P. These were, perhaps, the finest vessels that had yet been built in the United States, though not the largest.

New Channel steamers have continued to be built in England, France and Belgium. The fastest steamer on the English Channel service in 1921 was the " Versailles," built in France and completed in 192 1, 305 ft. long and 36 ft. in breadth ; she had obtained 25 knots on speed.

An important type of cross-channel steamer is the train ferry. During the war such vessels were used by England for the first time. These vessels are 363-5 ft. long, 61-5 ft. broad, draught 9 ft. forward and 10 ft. aft. They displace 3,654 tons, and have 12 knots speed. Two were built by Messrs. Armstrong and one by Messrs. Fair-

TABLE XVII. Particulars of Pacific, etc., Liners.

Name

Tons gross

Speed knots

Owners

Date of

build

Dimensions Builders L. B. D.

Dead- weight Tons

Horse- power

^*- us

'

6 Z&

Type of machinery and makers

Steam pres- sure, lb.

" Wenatchee "

14,127

15

United States

1921

516-5 x 72-2x27-8

2

Steam turbines,

Shipping

New York S. B.

Westinghouse Electric &

Board.

Corp., N. J.

Mfg. Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.

" Aeolus " (ex

12,642

Hi

United States

1899

560-6x62-3x35-9

..

1,016

2

Reciprocating,

..

" Grosser

Shipping

F. Schichau,

N.H.P.

F. Schichau, Elbing.

Kurfiirst ")

Board.

Danzig.

" Arundel

19,600

18

Union Castle

1921

630-0x72-5x41-5

..

..

2

Steam turbines.

..

Castle" ..

S.S. Co.

Harland &

Harland & Wolff.

Wolff. Belfast.

" Balmoral Castle". .

I3-36I

17*

Union Castle S.S. Co.

1910

570-0x64-5x38-9 Fairfield, Glas-

N^P 4

2

Reciprocating, Fairfield & Co.

220

gow.

" Ceramic".

18,481

17

White Star Line

1913

655-1x69-4x43-8

19,590

3

Reciprocating and I L.P.

..

(Australian

Harland &

turbine,

Service).

Wolff, Belfast.

Harland & Wolff.

" Empress of Canada ".

22,000

22

Canadian Pacific Ocean Serv-

1920

627-0 x 77-7x42-0 Fairfield, Glas-

2

Steam turbines, Fairfield, Glasgow.

ices, Ltd.

gow.

" Empress of Asia "

16,909

21

Canadian Pacific Ocean Serv-

J9I3

570-1 x 68-2 X42-O Fairfield, Glas-

9,135



4

Steam turbines, Fairfield, Glasgow.

190

ices, Ltd.

gow.

" Niagara "

13,415

18

Union S. Ship- ping Co. of

1913

524-7x66-3x34-5 J. Brown, Clyde-

12,000

3

Reciprocating, J. Brown, Clydebank,

22O

New Zea-

bank, Glas-

Glasgow.

land, Ltd.

gow.

" Narkunda ".

16,118

i8J

P. & O. Line.

1920

581-4x69-4x27-7

1,428

2

Reciprocating,

Harland &

N.H.P.

Harland & Wolff.

Wolff, Belfast.

" Ausonia ".

13,050

15

Cunard S.S. Co.

1921

519-0x65-0x43-0

10,120

8,500

2

Parsons geared turbines,

22O

Armstrong,

Armstrong, Whitworth.

Whitworth &

Co., Newcastle

" Mongolia ".

15,550

I?

P. & O. Line.

1921

550-0x71-7x42-2 Armstrong,

13,000

13,000

2

Steam turbines, Armstrong, Whitworth.

Whitworth &

Co., Newcastle

XXXII. 15