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Rh while others were falling back rapidly to pre-war conditions (see SHIPPING: United States).

In the United Kingdom, from the middle of 1915, a committee of the Board of Trade, in conjunction with the Transport Department of the Admiralty, assumed control of the British mercantile marine, including shipbuilding. A Merchant Shipbuilding Advisory Com- mittee was formed, with Sir George Carter as chairman. In Dec. 1916 the Ministry of Shipping was set up, under Sir Joseph Maclay. The Shipbuilding Advisory Committee was enlarged, and on its advice steps were taken to standardize the types of merchant ships to be built, and to simplify the details of construction both of hull and machinery to secure the greatest and quickest output possible.

Five types of " standard ships " were designed, varying from 3,000 to 8,000 tons deadweight, and between Dec. 1916 and April 1917 considerable numbers of these vessels were ordered. In order to harmonize the work of shipbuilding for the Admiralty and the mer- cantile marine, the whole was placed under one authority, Sir Eric Geddes, in June 1917, when he assumed office as controller of the Navy. Arrangements were made for setting up new shipyards with a view to producing " fabricated " ships, which could be put together with very much reduced amounts of skilled labour; but the results were disappointing, and at the end of 1918 the output in the United Kingdom was still only at the rate of 1,500,000 tons per annum. In March 1918 Lord Pirrie was appointed controller-general of

TABLE XII. Ownership of Some Notable ex-German Ships.

Old Name

Gross Tons

New Name

New Owners

" Amerika " ....

22,622

" America "

U.S. Government.

" Barbarossa " ....

10,984

" Mercury "

U.S. Government.

" Batavia ". c. ..

1 1 ,464

" Batavia "

French Government.

" Berlin ". ' ....

17,324

" Arabic "

White Star Line.

' Bismarck " ....

56,000

" Majestic "

White Star Line.

' Bliicher " ....

12,350

" Leopoldina "

Brazilian Government.

' Bremen " ....

11,540

" Bremen " ....

Shipping Controller (P. & O. S. Nav. Co.)

' Bulgaria " ....

11,440

' Philippines "

U.S. Shipping Board.

' Cap Arcona "...

9,832

' Cap Arcona "

U.S. Shipping Board.

' Cap Finisterre ".

14,503

' Cap Finisterre ".

Japanese Government.

' Cap Ortegal " ....

7,818

' Cap Ortegal ".

French Government.

' Cap Polonio " ....

20,597

' Cap Polonio ".

P. & O. Steam Nav. Co.

' Cleveland ".

15,746

' King Alexander "

\

(ex " Mobile ")

Byron S. S. Co. Ltd.

" Columbus "

35,ooo

" Homeric "

White Star Line.

" Friedrich der Grosse". " Fritz "

10,688 3,o83

" Huron " " Assyrian "

U.S. Shipping Board. Ellerman Line.

" George Washington ". " Graf Waldersee ".

25,570 I3J93

" George Washington " "Graf Waldersee "

U.S. Shipping Board. Shipping Controller (P. & O. S. Nav. Co.)

" Grosser Kurfiirst "...

12,642

" Aeolus " '

U.S. Shipping Board.

" Imperator "

52,022

" Berengaria ". . ..

Cunard S. S. Co.

" Johann Heinrich "...

" Burchard "

19,980

" Limburgia " ....

(Koninklyke Hollandsche Lloyd).

" Kaiserin Auguste "...

24,58l

" Empress of Scotland "

Canadian Pacific.

" Victoria "

" Kaiser Wilhelm II." .

I9,36i

" Agamemnon ".

U.S. (Navy Dept.).

" Kigoma "

8,156

" Algeria "

Anchor Line.

" Coin "

7,409

" Amphion "

U.S. Shipping Board.

" Konig Albert "

10,643

" Ferdinando "

Italian Government.

" Palasciano ". . ..

" Konigin Luise "

11,103

" Omar ". . . ..

Orient S. N. Co.

" Konig Wilhelm II."

9,410

" Madawaska "

U.S. Government.

" Kronprinzessin Cecilie "

18,372

" Mount Vernon "...

U.S. Shipping Board.

" Kronprinz Wilhelm ".

14,901

" Von Steuben " '.

U.S. Government.

" Main "

10, 1 86

" Main "

French Government.

" Moltke "

12,335

" Pesaro "

Italian Government.

" Neckar "

9,709

" Potomac "

(ex " Antigone ").

U.S. Shipping Board.

" Patricia "

14,466

" Patricia "

Shipping Controller (Ellerman Line).

" Pennsylvania "

13,333

" Nansemond ".

U.S. Shipping Board.

" President Grant ".

18,072

" President Grant "...

U.S. (War Dept.).

" Pretoria "

13,234

" Pretoria "

Shipping Controller (Ellerman Line).

" Princess Alice ". . ..

10,421

" Princess Matoika ".

U.S. (War Dept.).

" Prinz Eitel Friedrich ".

8,170

" Mount Clay ".

(ex " De Kalb ").

American S. & C. Nav. Corp.

" Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm ".

17,099

" Empress of China ".

Canadian Pacific Ocean Services, Ltd.

" Prinzess Irene ".

10,352

" Pocahontas ".

U.S. Shipping Board.

" Rhein "

9,959

" Susquehanna ".

U.S. Shipping Board.

" Tirpitz "

19,300

" Empress of India ".

C.P.O. Services Ltd.

" Vaterland "

54,282

" Leviathan "

U.S. Government.

" Wm. Oswald "-....

20,200

" Brabantia " '.

Kon. Holl. Lloyd.

" Wittekind "

5,640

" Freedom ". _.

(ex " Iroquois ").

U.S. Shipping Board.

" Ypiranga "

8,103

" Assyria "

Anchor Line.

" Zeppelin "

14,167

" Ormuz "

Orient S. Nav. Co.

TABLE XIII. Tonnage Launched in 1910-20 (in thousands of tons).

Year

U.K.

Brit. Dom.

U.S.

Japan

France

Germany

Holland

Other Countries

Total

1910

i,H3

26

331

30

Si

159

7i

116

1,957

1911

,804

20

172

44

125

256

93

137

2,651

1912

,737

35

284

58

in

375

99

2OI

2.900

1913

,932

48

276

65

176

465

104

266

3,332

1914

,684

47

2OI

86

114

387

118

216


 * 2,8 5 3

1915

651

22

177

49

25

(No returns)

113

163


 * I,2OO

1916

608

32

504

146

43

do.

1 80

175


 * i,688

1917

,163

94

998

350

19

do.

149

165


 * 2,938

1918

-348

280

3,033

490

H

do.

74

2O9


 * 5,448

1919

,620

359

4,075

612

33

do.

137

308


 * 7,H4

1920

2,056

204

2,476

457

93

do.

183

393


 * 5,862

'Returns not complete.