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 PEARSON, HENRY CLEMENS, F.R.G.S. (H.C.P.) Editor and Publisher of the India Rubber World, New York. Author of Crude Rubber Compounding Ingredients; Rubber Machinery; Pneumatic Tires; Rubber Country of the Amazon; What I Saw in the Tropics; etc. Rubber.

PEASE, THEODORE CALVIN, Ph.B., Ph.D. (T.C.P.) Assistant Professor of History in the University of Illinois. Author of The Leveller Movement; The Frontier State ( Vol. II. of Illi- nois Centennial History); etc. Illinois.

PEELE, ROBERT, E.M. (R.P.*) Professor of Mining in the School of Mines, Columbia University. Hon. Member of the Insti- tution of Mining and Metallurgy, London. Author of Com- pressed Air Plant. Editor-in-chief of Peele's Mining Engi- neer's Handbook; etc. Mining.

PENDEREL-BRODHURST, JAMES GEORGE JOSEPH. (J.P.- B.) Editor of The Guardian. Church History ( Church of England). PHELPS, WILLIAM LYON, M.A., Ph.D., Litt.D. (W.L.P.) Lampson Professor of English Literature at Yale University. Author of Essays on Modern Novelists; Essays on Russian Nov- elists; Essays on Modern Dramatists; The Twentieth Century Theatre; The Advance of English Poetry; etc. American Literature.

PHILLIPS, PAUL CHRISLER, M.A., Ph.D. (P.C.P.) Professor of History in the University of Montana. Joint-author (with N. J. Lennes) of The West in the Diplomacy of the American Revolution. Author of The Story of Columbus; etc. Montana. PHILLIPS, ULRICH BONNELL, Ph.D., F.R.H.S. (U.B.P.) Professor of American History in the University of Michigan. Author of The Life of Robert Toombs; American Negro Slavery; etc. Michigan.

PHILLIPS, WALTER ALISON, M.A.(Oxford and Dublin). (W.A.P.) Leclcy Professor of Modern History in the Univer- sity of Dublin. Member of the Royal Irish Academy. Author of Modern Europe; The Confederation of Europe; etc. Diplomacy; Ireland (History); Putumayo; Round, John Hor- ace; Self-Determination.

PINCHOT, GIFFORD, A.B.(Yale), Hon. A.M. (Yale and Prince- ton), Sc.D. (Michigan Agricultural College), LL.D.(McGill). (G.P.) Professor of Forestry, Yale University. U.S. Forester, 1898-1910. President of the National Conservation Associa- tion. Pennsylvania Commissioner of Forestry. Author of The Adirondack Spruce; The Training of a Forester; The Fight for Conservation; etc. Conservation Policy; Forestry (United States).

PIRENNE, HENRI. (H.P.) Rector of the University of Ghent- Member of the Royal Academy of Belgium and of the Insti- tute of France. Corresponding Member of the Royal Histori- cal Society. Author of Histoire de Belgique; etc. Belgium (History, in part); Fredericq, Paul.

PIRENNE, JACQUES. (J.P.) Avocat at the Court of Appeal of Belgium. Professor of History to Prince Leopold of Belgium, Duke of Brabant. Albert, King of the Belgians; Belgium (History, in part).

PIRIE-GORDON, HARRY, D.Sc., M.A. (H.P.-G.) Served in the World War. Deputy Governor of Jerusalem, 1918. Editor of A Brief Account of the Advance of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force. Hejaz Railway; Palestine; Syria; Transjordania; Turkish Campaigns (Palestine).

POLLARD, ALBERT FREDERICK, M.A., Litt.D., F.B.A. (A.F.P.) Professor of English History in the University of London. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. Chairman of the Insti- tute of Historical Research. Author of A Short History of the Great War; The Evolution of Parliament; etc. World War (Political History). POLLOCK, COURTENAY EDWARD MAXWELL, R.B.S., F.R.S.L. (C.Po.) Sculpture (in part).

POUND, ROSCOE, Ph.D., LL.D. (R.Po.*) Carter Professor of Jurisprudence and Dean of the Faculty of Law in Harvard University. Sometime Commissioner of Appeals of the Supreme Court of Nebraska. Women, Legal Status of (United States).

POWER, JOHN DANVERS, M.V.O. (J.D.P.) Vice-chairman, British Red Cross Society. Editor of the Report by the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John on their joint war work, 1914-9. Red Cross Work (British).

PRESTON, W. E. (W.E.P.) Silver.

PREUSS, HUGO, Dr. Juris. (H.P.*) Formerly Lecturer at the University of Berlin and Professor Public Law at the Berlin University College of Commerce. Municipal Deputy and Municipal Councillor in Berlin. After the Revolution Secretary of State for the Interior and Minister of the Interior for the Reich up to the German acceptance of the Peace of Versailles. Member of the Prussian Constituent Assembly and of the first Diet of the Free State of Prussia. Bore the leading part in drafting, and carrying through the Constituent Assembly of the Reich, the new Republican Constitution of Germany. Author of Das deutsche Volk und die Politik; etc. Germany (Republican Constitution).

PRIBRAM, ALFRED FRANCIS, Ph.D. (A.F.PR.) Professor of Modern History in the University of Vienna. Member of the Vienna Academy of Science; etc. Aehrenthal; Austrian Empire (Austro-Hungarian Foreign Poli- cy); Berchtold, Count L.; Burian, R. S. von; Charles (Emperor of Austria); Czernin, Count; Francis Ferdinand; Francis Joseph I.; Plener, E.

PRIBRAM, KARL, Dr. Juris. (K.P.) Professor in the University of Vienna. Austrian Empire (Economic Conditions, in part); Austria, Republic of (Economic Conditions, in part).

PRIESTLEY, HERBERT INGRAM, M.A., Ph.D. (H.I. P.) As- sociate Professor of Mexican History and Librarian of the Bancroft Library, University of California. Costa Rica; Guatemala; Honduras; Huerta; Madero; Mexico; Nicaragua; Obregon; Panama; Salvador; Villa.

PRIESTLY, MAJOR R. E., M.C., B.A. (R.E.P.) Author of the Official History of the Signal Service during the European War, 1014-8; Breaking the Ilindenburg Line; The History of the 46th, North Midland, Division; etc. Signal Service, Army (in part).

PROCTOR, JOHN CLAGETT, LL.M. (J.C.P.*) Member of the Bar of the District of Columbia. Historian of the Society of Natives of the District of Columbia. Washington (D.C.).

PROUDMAN, JOSEPH, M.A., D.Sc. (J.P.*) Professor of Applied Mathematics, and Hon. Director of the Tidal Institute, in the University of Liverpool. Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Tides.

RAIT, ROBERT SANGSTER, C.B.E., M.A., LL.D. (R.S.R.) Historiographer Royal for Scotland. Professor of Scottish History and Literature in the University of Glasgow. Au- thor of The Scottish Parliament; History of Scotland; etc. Scotland.

RANKINE, ALEXANDER OLIVER, O.B.E., D.Sc., F.Inst.P. (A.O.R.) Fellow of University College, London. Professor of Physics in the Imperial College of Science and Technology. Sound.

RAPER, GEORGE. (G.A.R.) Formerly Correspondent of The Morning Post in Paris. France (in part).

RECLUS, MAURICE. (M.R.*) Conseiller d'Etat. Colonial Editor of Le Temps. Algeria; France (in part); French Equatorial Africa (in part); Indo- China, French. REED, HERBERT (H.R.*) Sports Editor of The New York Evening Post. Sports and Games (U.S. portion).

REES, JOHN MORGAN, M.A., F.R.Econ.S. (J.M.R.) Lecturer in Economics and Political Science in the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. Author of Wages and Costs in South Africa; South Wales Iron, Steel and Tinplate Industries as Affected by the^ War; etc. Syndicalism (in part).

RENOLD, CHARLES GARONNE, M.E. (Cornell). (C.G.R.) Managing Director of Hans Renold, Limited. Author of Workshop Committees; etc. Scientific Management.

RICKARD, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL F. M. (F.M.R.) Royal Artillery. Chief Instructor, Artillery College, Woolwich (as- sisted by Instructional Staff, Artillery College). Ammunition (in part); Magazines and Shell Stores; Ordnance (in part); Propellants. The Initials in brackets indicate the Signatures adopted to distinguish the Contributors.