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 MADARIAGA, SALVADOR DE. (S.DE M.) Author of Shelley and Calderon, and other Essays on Spanish and English Poetry; Romances de Ceigo; Manojo de Poesias Inglesas; etc. Spanish Literature.

MAGEE, WILLIAM KIRKPATRICK. (W.K.M.) Second Libra- rian, National Library of Ireland. Pseudonym, "John Eglin- ton." Author of Anglo-Irish Essays; etc. Synge, J. M.

MAKINS, SIR GEORGE HENRY, G.C.M.G., C.B., LL.D., F.R.C.S. (G.H.M.) Consulting Surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital, London. Late Consulting Surgeon to the British Expedi- tionary Force, etc. Medicine and Surgery (Surgery During the War).

MALCOLM, MAJOR-GENERAL SIR NEILL, K.C.B., D.S.O. (N.M.*) General Commanding British Army of Occupation in Germany. Formerly Instructor in Military History at the Staff College, Camberley. Tactics.

MANGIN, GENERAL CHARLES MARIE EMMANUEL,K.C.B., etc. (C.M.E.M.) See the biographical article: MANGIN, C. M. E. Champagne, Battles in (in part); Verdun, Battles of (in part).

MANNING, WILLIAM R., Ph.D. (W.R.MA.) Economist, Latin- American Division, U.S. Department of State. Author of Nootka Sound Controversy (Justin Winsor Prize Essay of American Historical Association, 1904); Early Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and Mexico (Albert Shaw Lectures, Johns Hopkins University, 1913); etc. Cuba; Havana; Virgin Islands. MARDON, HENRY WILLIAM, F.R.G.S. (H.W.M.) Commander of the Mejidieh. Formerly Lecturer in Geography and Edu- cation in the Tewfikieh and Dar el Ulum Colleges, Cairo. Author of A Geography of Egypt and the Anglo- Egyptian Sudan; etc. Arabia; Ukraine. MARGOLIOUTH, DAVID SAMUEL, M.A., D.Litt., F.B.A. (D.S.M.*) Laudian Professor of Arabic in the University of Oxford. Editor of Yaquit's Dictionary of Learned Men; etc. Author of Mohammed and the Rise of Islam; etc. Pan-Islamism. MARTIN, CHARLES JAMES, C.M.G., D.Sc.; M.B., F.R.S., F.R.C.P. (C.J.M.*) Director of the Lister Institute of Pre- ventive Medicine. Professor of Experimental Pathology, University of London. Filter- Passing Germs. MARTIN, HAROLD MEDWAY, A.C.G.I. (H.M.M.) Whitworth Scholar. Member of the Nozzles Research Committee, appointed by the Institute of Mechanical Engineers. Mem- ber of the Lubricants and Lubrication Enquiry Committee, appointed by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (London). Turbines, Steam (in part). MARTIN, LIONEL ALFRED. (L.A.M.) Director of Henry Tate & Sons, Limited, Sugar Refiners, London and Liverpool. Vice-President of the London Chamber of Commerce. Member of the Port of London Authority. Sugar. MARVIN, WINTHROP LIPPITT, A.B., Litt.D. (W.L.M.) Vice- President and General Manager, American Steamship Own- ers' Association. Author of The American Merchant Marine: Its History and Romance. Former Secretary of U.S. Merchant Marine Commission. Shipping ( United States). MASARYK, THOMAS GARRIGUE. (T.G.M.) President of the Czechoslovak Republic. Czechoslovakia. MATHESON, COLONEL JOHN COLIN, R.E. Q.C.M.*) Deputy Chief Engineer, Southern Command. Formerly Chief In- structor in Fortification, School of Military Engineering, Chatham. Fortification Adviser to the Chilean Government. Member of the Belgian Coast Defences Commission, 1919, and of the Heligoland Commission, 1920. Coast Defence. MATTHEWS, DR. J. MERRITT. (J.M.M.) Head of the Depart- ment of Chemistry and Dyeing, Philadelphia Textile School, 1898-1907; Consulting Chemist and Expert in Textile Chem- istry and Dyestuffs since 1910. Editor Colour Trade Jour- nal since 1917. Dyeing ( United States). MAUGHAN, CUTHBERT. (C.MA.) Contributor'on Finance, Ship- ping and Insurance to The Annual Register, etc. Representa- tive of Admiralty Section of the British Ministry of Informa- tion in North America, 1918. Insurance (United Kingdom); Shipping (British). MAURICE, MAJOR-GENERAL SIR FREDERICK BARTON, K.C.M.G., C.B. (F.B.M.) Commander of the Legion of Honour. Croix de Guerre. First Class orders of St. Stanislas of Russia. Director of Military Operations, Imperial General Staff, 1915-6. Author of Forty Days in 1914; The Last Four Months; etc. Western European Front Campaigns (in part). MAVROGORDATO, JOHN NICOLAS, M.A. Q.N.M.*) Author of Cassandra in Troy; Letters from Greece; The World in Chains; etc. Greece. MAXSE, LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIR IVOR, K.C.B., C.V.O., D.S.O. (F.I.M.) Late Inspector-General of Training to the British Armies in France, 1918-9. Infantry. MAXTED, EDWARD BRADFORD, Ph.D., B.Sc. (E.B.M.) Consulting Chemist. Author of Catalytic Hydrogenalion and Reduction; Ammonia and the Nitrides; etc. Nitrogen Fixation. MAY, SIR GEORGE ERNEST, K.B.E., F.I.A. (G.E.M.) Secretary of the Prudential Assurance Company, Limited. Manager to the Dollar Securities Committee. Dollar Securities Mobilization. MAYENCE, F. (P.M.) Professor at the University of Louvain. Mercier, Cardinal. MAYERN, MAJOR KARL. (K.M.) Late General Staff, Austro- Hungarian Army. Now of the Kriegsarchiv, Vienna. Author of various monographs on the World War. Carpathians, Battles of The. MEANS, PHILIP AINSWORTH, M.A. (P.A.ME.) Investigator for the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Author of History of the Spanish Conquest of Yucatan and of the Itzas; A Survey of Ancient Peruvian Art; etc. Peru. MEANY, EDMOND STEPHEN, M.S., M.L. (E.S.M.) Professor of History in the University of Washington. Author of History of tlie Stale of Washington; Vancouver's Discovery of Puget Sound; etc. Washington (State). MELVILLE, LEWIS. (L.M.) Author of biographies of Thackeray, Sterne and William Cobbett, and of many works on the social life of the Georgian period. Newspapers (in part). MENDELL, A. E., B.L.I. (A.E.M.) Director of the Analytic Re- port of the Second Chamber of the States General, Holland. Holland (in part). MEYENDORFF, BARON ALEXANDER. (A.M.) Teacher of Russian Law, Institutions and Economics, King's College (London University). Formerly Member of the Russian Duma and Senator. Formerly Privat-Dozent at Petrograd University. Esthonia; Latvia. MILEY, SQUADRON LEADER ARNOLD JOHN, O.B.E., R.A.F. (A.J.M.) Design Branch, Directorate of Research, Air Min- istry, in charge of Seaplane Development. Assistant Direc- tor, Air Department, Admiralty, June 1915 to June 1916; Senior Flying Officer Naval Air Station, Felixstowe, August 1916 to June 1917. Aeronautics (Seaplanes). MILL, COURTENAY J. (C.J.M.) Financial Editor of The Times. English Finance; National Debt; Stock Exchange. MILL, HUGH ROBERT, D.Sc., LL.D. (H.R.M.) Gold Medallist of the Royal Geographical Society. Author of The Siege of the South Pole; etc. See the biographical article: MILL, HUGH ROBERT. Antarctic Regions. MILNER, HAROLD WOOD, M.Sc., A.M.I.C.E. (H.W.M.*) Executive Engineer, Public Works Department, Government of India. Delhi. MISES, LUDWIG VON, Dr. Juris. (L.v.M.) Professor of Political Economy in the University of Vienna. Austrian Empire (Finance and Banking); Austria, Republic of (Finance and Banking). MITCHELL, PETER CHALMERS, C.B.E. (Military Division) F.R.S., D.Sc., LL.D. (P.C.M.) Secretary, Zoological So- ciety of London. Attached to Directorate of Military Intel- ligence, War Office, 1916-8. Liaison Officer with British War Mission, 1918. Editorial Staff of The Times. Propaganda. The Initials in brackets indicate the Signatures adopted to distinguish the Contributors. The Initials in brackets indicate the Signatures adopted to distinguish the Contributors.