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 KRISTIANSEN, DR. M. (M.K.) Denmark (in part).

KUBENA, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL JOHANN. (J.K.*) Austro-Hungarian Engineer Corps. Formerly of the Munitions Department of the Austro-Hungarian War Ministry. Munitions of War ( Central Powers, in part).

LAMB, MORRIS CHARLES, F.C.S., F.R.M.S. (M.C.L.) Direc- tor of the Light Leather Department of the Leathersellers' Company's Technical College, London. Author of Leather Dressing, including Dyeing, Staining and Finishing; etc. Leather.

LANE, SIR WILLIAM ARBUTHNOT, Bart., C.B., M.S. (W.A.LA.) Consulting Surgeon to Guy's Hospital, etc. Intestinal Stasis.

LAW, EDWARD F. (E.F.L.) Consulting Engineer. Formerly of the Armour Plate Department, Armstrong, Whitworth & Co. Armour Plate; Helmet.

LAYTON, WALTER THOMAS, M.A., C.H. (W.T.L.) Fellow of Caius College, Cambridge. University Lecturer, Cambridge University. Lecturer, Workers' Educational Association, 1916-9. Member of British Munitions Council during the World War. Temporary Director, Economic and Financial Section, League of Nations. Director, National Federation of Iron and Steel Manufacturers. Director, Welwyn Garden City. Author of Capital and Labour; Introduction to the Study of Prices. Munitions of War (United Kingdom, in part).

LAZARUS-BARLOW, WALTER SYDNEY, M.D., F.R.C.P. (W.S.L.-B.) Professor of Experimental Pathology in the University of London. Director of the Cancer Research Laboratories at the Middlesex Hospital. Author of General or Experimental Pathology; Pathological Anatomy and Histology; etc. Radiotherapy.

LEAKS, JAMES MILLER, A.B., Ph.D. (J.M.L.) Professor of History and Political Science in the University of Florida. Author of The Virginia Committee System and the American Revolution; etc. Florida.

LEFROY, HAROLD MAXWELL, M.A..F.Z.S. (H.M.L.) Professor of Entomology in the Imperial College of Science and Technology, South Kensington. Author of Indian Insect Pests; Indian Insect Life; etc. Economic Entomology.

LELY, C., C.E. (C.LY.) Ex-Minister of Public Works, Holland. Member of the Second Chamber of the States General. Zuider Zee.

LENOX-CONYNGHAM, COLONEL SIR GERALD PONSONBY, R.E., F.R.S. (G.P.L.-C.) Superintendent of the Trigonometrical Survey of India. Geodesy (in part).

LEVY, ALFRED GOODMAN, M.D., M.R.C.P. (A.G.L.) Physi- cian to the City of London Hospital for Diseases of the Chest. Anaesthelics.

LEVY, RAPHAEL GEORGES. (R.G.L.) Senator of France. Member of the Finance Committee of the Senate. France (Finance).

LEWIS, WILLIAM MATHER, M.A. (W.M.LE.) Formerly Direc- tor of the Savings Division U.S. Treasury Department. Savings Movement (United States). LIBBY, ORIN GRANT, Ph.D. (Wisconsin). (O.G.L.) Professor of American History, University of North Dakota. Secretary of the State Historical Society. Editor of Collections of State Historical Society of North Dakota (vols. i.-iv. and vi.). North Dakota.

LINDEMANN, FREDERICK ALEXANDER, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S. (F.A.L.) Professor of Experimental Philosophy in the University of Oxford. Einstein, A.

LINDSAY, SAMUEL McCUNE, Ph.D., LLD. (S.McC.L.) Profes- sor of Social Legislation in Columbia University. President of New York Academy of Political Science. Editor of Ameri- can Social Progress Series. Author of Railway Labour in the United States; Financial Administration of Great Britain; etc. Liquor Laws and Liquor Control ( United States) ; Prohibition.

LLOYD, CHARLES MOSTYN, M.A.(Oxon.). (C.M.L.) Barrister- at-Law. Lecturer at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Author of Trade Union-ism; Essays on the Reorganization of Local Government; etc. Poor Law.

LLOYD, G. I. H. (G.I.H.L.) Assistant Director, Department of Overseas Trade. Munitions of War (United Kingdom, in part).

LOCKER-LAMPSON, COMMANDER OLIVER STILLING- FLEET, C.M.G., D.S.O., M.P., B.A. (O.L.-L.) R.N.A.S. Parliamentary Secretary (Private) to Mr. Austen Chamber- lain as Chancellor of the Exchequer and as Leader of The House of Commons. Author of The Great Preference Debate. Chamberlain, J. Austen. LONG, BASIL KELLETT. (B.K.L.) Editor of the Cape Times. Formerly Foreign Editor of The Times. Botha, General; Jameson, Sir L. S.; Smuts, J. C.

LONG, MAJOR-GENERAL SIDNEY SELDEN, C.B. (S.S.L.) Assistant Director of Supplies, 1909-12. Director of Supplies and Quartering, 1913-4. Director of Supplies and Transport, War Office, 1914-6. Food Supply (Feeding of the British Army During the World War).

LUND, H., M.A. (H.Lu.) Denmark (in part).

MacBRIDE, ERNEST WILLIAM, D.Sc.(Lond.), M.A. (Cantab.), Hon.LL.p.(McGill), F.R.S. (E.W.MAcB.) Vice-President of the Zoological Society of London. Vice-Chairman of the Eugenics Education Society. Formerly Professor of Zoology in McGill University, Montreal. Professor of Zoology in the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London. Author of Textbook of the Embryology of the Invertebrata; etc. Cytology; Embryology; Eugenics.

McCLELLAN, MAJOR E. N. (E.N.McC.) U.S. Marine Corps. Officer-in-charge, Historical Section, Marine Corps. Marines (United States).

McCLURE, WILLIAM KIDSTON, M.A.(Oxon.). (W.K.McC.) Late Correspondent of The Times in Rome. Correspondent of The Times on the Italian Front, 1915-7. Author of Italy's Part in the War; Italy in North Africa; Chapters on Italy in The Times History of the War; etc. Asiago, Battle of; Cadorna, General; Caneva, Carlo; Caporelto, Battle of; Italian Campaigns; Italo- Turkish War.

McCORMICK, SAMUEL BLACK, A.B., M.A., D.D., LL.D. (S.B.McC.) Chancellor Emeritus, University of Pittsburgh. Pa. Pittsburgh.

McCORVEY, THOMAS CHALMERS, M.A., LL.D. (T.C.McC.) Professor of History and Political Science in the University of Alabama. Author of The Government of the People of the State of Alabama. Contributor to The Library of Southern Literature and The South in the Building of the Nation, etc. Alabama.

MACDONELL, ARTHUR ANTHONY, M.A., Ph.D., Hon.LL.D., F.B.A. (A. A.M.) Boden Professor of Sanskrit in the Uni- versity of Oxford. Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. Author of The Turanians and Pan-Turanianism; Eurasian Routes; Vedic Mythology; A History of Sanskrit Literature. Pan- Turanidnism.

McGRATH, HON. SIR PATRICK THOMAS, K.B.E., LL.D- (P.T.M.) Editor of the Newfoundland Evening Herald. President of the Legislative Council, Newfoundland. Newfoundland.

McKINLEY, ALBERT E., Ph.D. (A.E.McK.) Professor of His- tory, University of Pennsylvania. Secretary, Pennsylvania War History Commission. President, Pennsylvania Federa- tion of Historical Societies. Pennsylvania; Philadelphia.

M'MAHON, COLONEL SIR ARTHUR HENRY, G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., K.C.I.E., C.S.I., F.S.A., F.L.S., etc. (A.H.McM.) Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, 1911-4. British High Commissioner in Egypt, 1914-6. See biographi- cal article: M'MAHON, SIR ARTHUR HENRY. Afghanistan.

MACNAMARA,ERICDENVERS, M.A.,M.p.,F.R.C.P. (E.D.M.) Lecturer in Psychological Medicine in the Charing Cross Hospital Medical School. Physician to the West End Hos- pital for Nervous Diseases. Psychotherapy.

MACON, WILLIAM WATTS. (W.W.M.) Editor of The Iron Age, New York. Iron and Steel.

MacPHERSON, MAJOR-GENERAL SIR WILLIAM GRANT, K.G.M.G., C.B., LL.D. (W.G.MA.) Editor-in-Chief of the Medical History of the Great War. Formerly Deputy Director- General, Army Medical Service. Author of Handbooks of the Medical Services of Foreign Armies; etc. Army Medical Service (British). The Initials in brackets indicate the Signatures adopted to distinguish the Contributors.