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 DOWNING, AUGUSTUS SEISS, A.B., M.A., L.H.D., LL.D. (A.S.D.) Assistant Commissioner for Higher Education and Director of Professional Education, University of the State of New York. Education (United States, in part).

DOWNS, BRIAN WESTERDALE, M.A. (B.W.D.) Fellow and Lecturer in Mediaeval and Modern Languages and English, Christ's College, Cambridge. Cambridge.

DRAGE, GEOFFREY, M.A. (G.DR.) President of the Central Poor Law Conference, 1906. Vice-president, Royal Statistical Society, 1916-8. Attached to the War Office, Military Intelligence Section, 1916. Author of The State and the Poor; Reorganization of Official Statistics and a Central Statistical Office; Pre-war Statistics of Poland and Lithuania; etc. Poland; Public Assistance (in part). DRAKE, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL REGINALD JOHN, D.S.O. (R.J.D.) Late North Stafford Regiment and General Staff. Intelligence, Military (Secret Service). DUFFIELD, W. G. (W.G.D.) Professor of Physics, University College, Reading. Moseley, H. G. J. DUNIWAY, CLYDE AUGUSTUS, Ph.D., LL.D. (C.A.D.) Presi- dent of Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colo. Colorado. DUTT, R. PALME, (R.P.D.) Late Scholar of Balliol College, Oxford. Author of The Two Internationals. Editor of The Labour International Handbook. Communism; International, The. EDDINGTON, ARTHUR STANLEY, M.A., M.Sc., F.R.S. (A.S.E.) Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy and Director of the Observatory, Cambridge. Author of Stellar Movements and the Structure of the Uni- verse; Space, Time and Gravitation. A stronomy. EDDISON, ERIC RUCKER, B.A. (E.R.E.) Controller of the Profiteering Act Department of the Board of Trade (London). Profiteering (United Kingdom). EDRIDGE-GREEN, FREDERICK WILLIAM, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.S (F.W.E.-G.) Special Examiner and Adviser to the Board of Trade on Colour Vision and Eyesight. Author of The Physiology of Vision. Inventor of the Colour Percep- tion Spectrometer and Colour Perception Lantern used as the Official Test of the British Navy. Colour Vision and Colour Blindness. EDSON, MIRA BURR. (M.B.E.) Editor of the Arts and Crafts Magazine and Arts and Crafts Bulletin. Arts and Crafts (United States). EGERTON, HUGH EDWARD. (H.E.E.) Sometime Beit Professor of Colonial History, Oxford. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. Author of A Short History of British Colonial Policy; Origin and Growth of the English Colonies; "Canada" (Part II.) in Sir Charles Lucas's History and Geography of the British Colonies; etc. British Empire. ELLIOT, WALTER ELLIOT, B.Sc., M.B.,'Ch.B., M.P. (W.E.EL.) Secretary, Medical Committee, House of Commons. Health Ministry; Pensions Ministry. ELOESSER, ARTHUR, Ph.D.(Berlin). (A.E.) Author of Die Aelteste Deutsche Uebersetzung Molierescher Lustspiele; Das Burgerliche Drama; Litterarische Portraits aus dem Modernen Frankreich. German Literature. ENDRES, MAJOR FRANZ CARL. (F.C.E.) Late General Staff, Turkish Army. Author of a Life of Moltke; Die Ruine des Orients; etc. Member of Committee, German League of Na- tions Union. Army (Turkish); Balkan War s (in'part) ; Essad; Turkish Cam- paigns (Caucasus). ERVINE, ST. JOHN GREER. (ST.J.E.) Dramatic Critic of The Observer. Author of The Magnanimous Lover; Mixed Mar- riage; Jane Clegg; and other plays. Drama. EVEREST, ARTHUR ERNEST, D.Sc., Ph.D., F.I.C. (A.E.Ev.) Joint-author of The Natural Organic Colouring Matters (Perkin and Everest). Author of various papers on Colour- ing Matters, etc. in Proc. Roy. Soc., Journ. Chem. Soc., etc, Botany ( Chemistry of Sap Pigments of Plants). FANNING, LEONARD M. (L.M.F.) Director of Publicity and Statistics, American Petroleum Institute. Formerly Editor of the Oil Trade Journal. Petroleum. FARMER, R. C., D.Sc., Ph.D. (R.C.F.) Late Chief Chemist, Ex- plosives Department, Ministry of Munitions. Explosives (in part). FAWCETT, MILLICENT GARRETT (Mrs. Henry Fawcett), J.P., LL.D. (Hon. St. Andrews and Birmingham). (M.G.F.) See the biographical article: FAWCETT, M. G. Woman Suffrage. FEILER, ARTHUR. (A.F.*) " On the Staff of the Frankfurter Zeitung. Member of the Economic Council of the German Reich. Author of Die Konjunktur- Periode, 1907-13, in Deutschland; Handelspolitik und Krieg; etc. Germany ( Finance). FELLOWS, GEORGE EMORY, A.M., Ph.D., L.H.D., LL.D. (G.E.F.) Professor of History and Political Science in the University of Utah. President of the University of Maine, 1902-11. Author of Recent European History; Outline Study of the Sixteenth Century; etc. Utah. FIELD, CAPTAIN RAYMOND ERNEST, O.B.E. (R.E.F.) Medals and Decorations. FISH, CARL RUSSELL, M.A., Ph.D. (C.R.F.) Professor of American History in the University of Wisconsin. Author of Civil Service and the Patronage; Development of American Diplomacy; etc. Wisconsin. FISHER, IRVING, A.B., Ph.D. (I.F.) Professor of Political Econo- my at Yale University. Author of The Nature of Capital and Income; The Purchasing Power of Money; The Rate of In- terest; etc. See the biographical article: FISHER, IRVING. Dollar Stabilization. FLACK, WING COMMANDER MARTIN, C.B.E., M.A., M.B. (M.FL.) Director of Medical Research, Royal Air Force. Author of papers on the medical aspect of flying, etc. Aerotherapeutics. FLEMING, ALEXANDER, M.B., F.R.C.S. (A.Fi..) Director of the Department of Systematic Bacteriology in St. Mary's Hospital, London. Antiseptics. FLEMING, JOHN AMBROSE, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., M.Inst.E.E. (J.A.F.) Professor of Electrical Engineering in the University of London. Fellow of University College, London. Some- time Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. Author of The Principles of Electric Wave Telegraphy and Telephony; The Propagation of Electric Currents in Telephone and Telegraph Conductors; The Tliermionic Valve; The Wonders of Wireless Telegraphy; etc. Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony. FLETT, JOHN SMITH, M.A., D.Sc., LL.D.; F.R.S. (J.S.F.) Director, and formerly Petrographer, of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. Author or Part-author of many Geological reports and memoirs. Petrology. FLEXNER, ABRAHAM. (A.Fx.) Secretary of the General Edu- cation Board, New York. Author of Medical Education in the United States. Medical Education ( United States). FOERSTER, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL WOLFGANG. (W.F.) Late General Staff, German Army. Chief Ober-Archivrat of the Reichsarchiv. Formerly member of the Historical Section of the Great General Staff. During the World War, General Staff Officer with troops. Chief of the General Staff of the XI. Corps, 1918. Author of Prinz Friedrich Karl von Preussen; Graf Schliefen und der Weltkrieg. Western European Front Campaigns (in part). FORD, GUY STANTON, Ph.D. (G.S.F.) Professor of History and Dean of the Graduate School, University of Minnesota. Director of Division of Educational and Civic Publications, Committee on Public Information. Censorship (United States).

FORD, JAMES, Ph.D. (J.F.) Associate Professor of Social Ethics in Harvard University. Sometime Division Manager, U.S. Housing Corporation. Editor of the Report of the U.S. Housing Corporation. Author of Go-operation in New England; etc. Housing (United States).

FORSDYKE, EDGAR JOHN, M.A., F.S.A. (E.J.F.) Assistant in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities in the British Museum. Editor of the Journal of Hellenic Studies. Archaeology (Greece).

FOSDICK, RAYMOND ELAINE, B.A., M.A., LL.B. (R.B.F.) Formerly Commissioner of Accounts, City of New York. Author of American Police Systems; European Police Systems; Keeping our Fighters Fit; etc. New York City. The Initials in brackets indicate the Signatures adopted to distinguish the Contributors.