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 CARVER, THOMAS NIXON, Ph.D., LL.D. (T.N.C.) Professor of Political Economy in Harvard University. Author of The Distribution of Wealth; Principles of Rural Economics; Principles of Political Economy; etc. Federal Farm Loan System.

CASTELLANI, ALDO, C.M.G., M.D., M.R.C.P. (A.Ci.) Lecturer, London School of Tropical Medicine. Formerly Professor of Tropical Medicine, Ceylon Medical School. Author (with Dr. A. J. Chalmers) of Manual of Tropical Medicine; etc. Typhus Fever.

CASTELLANO, G. (G.C.) Author of Introduzione olio studio delle opere di B. Croce (1920). Croce, Benedetto (in part). CATON, E. S. (E.S.C.) Editor of Tobacco. Tobacco. CAVE-BROWNE-CAVE, WING COMMANDER T. R., C.B.E., R.A.F., F.R-Ae.S., A.M.I.Mech.E., A.M.I.N.A. (C.B.C.) In charge of Airship Experiments and Research at the Admiralty and the Air Ministry. Lecturer in Airship Engineering, Imperial College of Science. Airship Member of the Aero- nautical Research Committee. Formerly Engineer Officer, R.N. Airship Pilot, 1913. In charge of Non-rigid Airship Design and Construction at Kingsnorth, 1914-8. Aeronautics (Airships). CECIL, RT.-HON. LORD ROBERT, M.P. (R.C.) Representative of Great Britain on the League of Nations Commission at the Peace Conference, 1919. Representative of South Africa at the Assembly of the League of Nations at Geneva, 1920. Chairman of the League of Nations Union. See the biographical article: CECIL, LORD ROBERT. League of Nations. CHAMBERLAIN, COLONEL WESTON P. (W.P.C.) Army Medi- cal Corps, U.S. Army. Army Medical Service (United Stales). CHAMBERS, SIR THEODORE GERVASE, K.B.E., Assoc.R.S. M., F.S.I., F.G.S. (T.G.Cn.) Vice-chairman and late Con- troller of the National (War) Savings Committee, Great Britain. Savings Movement. CHANDLER, CHARLES LYON, A.B. (C.L.C.) Curator of South American History and Literature in the Harvard College Library. Manager of the Foreign Commercial Department of the Corn Exchange National Bank of Philadelphia. Author of Inter- American Acquaintances. Argentina; Buenos Aires; Paraguay; Uruguay. CHATAIGNEAU, YVES. (Y.C.) American Distinguished Service Cross. Knight of the Legion of Honour. Lecturer in the University of Belgrade. Author of " L' Emigration Ven- deenne"; Annales de Geographic, 1917; "La Youngo-Slavie," Annales de Geographic, 1921. Balkan Peninsula (in part). CHILCOTT, ELLERY CHANNING, M.S. (E.C.C.) Chief of Dry Lands Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington. United States (Agriculture). CHILDS, W. J. (W.J.C.*) Late of the Intelligence Department of the Admiralty (Geographical Section). Armenia; Azerbaijan; Cilicia; Georgia; Ottoman Empire; Straits (Dardanelles and Bosporus); Turkey (Nationalist). CHISHOLM, HUGH, M.A. (H.Cn.) Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the loth, nth and 1 2th editions of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Fi- nancial Editor of The Times, 1913-20. See the biographical article: CHISHOLM, HUGH. English History (1910-2); English Literature (in part); Finance; George V.; Holden, Sir E. H.; Montessori System; World War (Introductory). CHREE, CHARLES, Sc.D., LL.D., F.R.S. (C.CH.) Assistant Director, Meteorological Office, Kew. Past President, Physi- cal Society of London. Hughes Medallist, Royal Society. Magnetism, Terrestrial. CHRISTIE, A. H. (A.H.C.*) Late Director, Westminster Technical Institute. Arts and Crafts (in part). CHRISTOPHELSMEIER, CARL, B.A..M.A., Ph.D. (C.C.*) Head of the Department of History and Political Science in the University of South Dakota. Author of The First Revolu- tionary Step (June 17, 1789); The Fourth of August, 1789; etc. South Dakota. CHURCH, ARTHUR HARRY, M.A., D.Sc. (A.H.CH.) University Lecturer in Botany, Oxford. Botany (General Morphology). CLAY, MAJOR WALLACE L. (W.L.C.*) Ordnance Department of the U.S. Army. Ammunition (in part). CLEVELAND, FREDERICK ALBERT, Ph.B., Ph.D., LL.D. (F.A.CL.) Professor of United States Citizenship, Maxwell Foundation, Boston University. Author of Organized Democ- racy; First Lessons in Finance; etc. Boston; Massachusetts. CLIFFORD, SIR HUGH, G.C.M.G. (H.CL.) Governor of Nigeria. In the Federated Malay States Civil Service, 1883-1903; in the West Indies, 1903-7; in Ceylon, as Colonial Secretary, 1907-12. Governor of the Gold Coast, 1912-9. Administered the British Sphere of Occupation in Togoland throughout the World War. Author of Studies in Brown Humanity; Further India; The German Colonies; etc. Ashanti; Gold Coast; Nigeria. CLOSE, COLONEL SIR CHARLES FREDERICK, K.B.E., C.B., C.M.G., F.R.S. (C.F.CL.) Director-General of the Ordnance Survey of the United Kingdom. Author of Text Book of Topographical Surveying. Map; Surveying (in part). COLE, GEORGE DOUGLAS HOWARD, M.A. (G.D.H.C.) Formerly Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Hon. Secre- tary, Labour Research Department. Author of The World of Labour; Self -Government in Industry; Guild Socialism Re- stated; Social Theory; etc. Guild Socialism; Socialism; Wage System in Industry. COLE, GRENVILLE ARTHUR JAMES, F.R.S., F.G.S. (G.A.J.C.) Professor of Geology in the Royal College of Science for Ireland. Author of Aids in Practical Geology; Open-Air Studies in Geology; etc. Geology (Structural and Stratigraphical). COLE, MARGARET ISABEL (Mrs. G. D. H. Cole). (M.I.C.) Correspondence Secretary of the Labour Research Depart- ment, London, 1917-20. Profit-Sharing and Co- Partnership (in part); Trade Unions (in part). COLLIER, THEODORE, Ph.D. (T.C.) Professor of European History in Brown University, U.S.A. Rhode Island. COLLINGWOOD, R. G., M.A., F.S.A. (R.G.C.) Fellow and Tutor of Pembroke College, Oxford. Luxemburg. COLLINS, VARNUM LANSING, A.M. (V.L.C.) Secretary of Princeton University and Clerk of the University Faculty. Author of The Continental Congress at Princeton; Guide to Princeton; etc. Princeton University. COLLIS, EDGAR LEIGH, M.A., M.D.(Oxon.), M.R.C.P. (Lend.). (E.L.C.) Mansel Talbot Professor of Preventive Medicine, Welsh' National School of Medicine. Late Director (Welfare and Health), Ministry of Munitions. H.M. Medical Inspector of Factories. Industrial Medicine; Welfare Work in Industry. COLLYER, BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN JOHNSTON, C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O. (J.J.C.) Late Chief of the General Staff, Union of South Africa. German South- West Africa; South Africa (Defence). COMMONS, JOHN ROGERS, A.B., A.M., LL.D. (J.R.Co.) Professor of Economics, University of Wisconsin. Author of Documentary History of American Industrial Society; History of Labor in the United States; Principles of Labor Legislation; etc. Arbitration and Conciliation (United States); Hours of Labour (United States); Labour Legislation (United States); Labour Supply and Regulation (United Slates); Profit-Sharing and Co- Partnership (United States); Strikes and Lockouts (United Slates); Trade Unions (United States); Unemployment (United States); United States (Labour Movement); Wages (United States). CONGER, COLONEL ARTHUR LATHAM, U.S. Army. (A.L.C.) Distinguished Service Medal (U.S.A.), C.M.G. Legion of Honour. Formerly Co-editor of The Military Historian and Economist. Army (United States); Champagne, Battles in (in part); Meuse-Argonne, Battle of; Western European Front Campaigns (in part); Woevre, Battles in (Part II.).

CONSTABLE, WILLIAM GEORGE, M.A. (W.G.C.*) Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. Barrister-at-law. Lecturer at the Wallace Collection. Beerbohm, Max; Besnard, P. A.; Painting (in part). The Initials in brackets indicate the Signatures adopted to distinguish the Contributors.