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888 to remove the national flag from their houses. The latter ended with the words " Attendons patiemment 1'heure de la reparation." The same evening he was arrested, and though soon released, was again arrested on Sept. 26 owing to a difference with the German authorities as to the amount of the war levy to be paid by the city of Brussels. He was sent to Namur, thence to Cologne and various other towns, being finally sent to Berlin (Oct. 1916), where he was closely confined. On Oct. 30 1918 he was interned at Goslar, whence he escaped on Nov. 13. He was received at Brussels with extraordinary enthusiasm; he was appointed a minister of state, named in a national order of the day, and was elected a member of the Academic Royale de Belgique and vice- president of the Conseil Superieur du Congo. In 1919 he was elected to the Chamber of Representatives. MAXIM, SIR HIRAM STEVENS (1841-1916), Anglo-American engineer and inventor (see 17.918), died in London Nov.24 1916.

His younger brother, HUDSON MAXIM (1853- ), was born Feb. 3 1853 and educated at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary at Kent's Hill, Me. He began life in a printing and publishing business, but in 1888 took up the ordnance and explosives work in which his brother was interested, and invented a smokeless powder called " maximite, " the formula of which he sold to the U.S. Government in 1901. He afterwards produced " stabillite," another smokeless powder, as well as " motorite," a self-combustive material for driving automobile torpedoes, and a special form of torpedo-ram. In Sept. 1915 he was made a member of the Naval Consulting Board. He published The Science of Poetry and the Philosophy of Language (1910); Defenseless America (1915) and Dynamite Stories (1916). MAXWELL, SIR JOHN GRENFELL (1859- ), British general, was born July n 1859. He joined the army in 1879. He served in Egypt in 1882 and in the Nile expedition of 1884-5 and was then seconded to serve with the Egyptian army, with which he spent many years, taking part in all its successive campaigns against the forces of the Mahdi, and finally com- manding a brigade during the advances up the Nile (1896-8) which closed with the reoccupation of Khartum; this gave him the rank of full colonel in the British army. He served on the staff during the S. African War and was given the K.C.B. and C.M.G. for his services. He subsequently filled important staff appointments, was promoted major-general in 1906, and was in command of the British troops in Egypt from 1908 to 1912.

A lieutenant-general on the outbreak of the World War, he acted for a few weeks as liaison officer with the French headquarters and was then sent out to take charge of the forces which were arriving in Egypt from the United Kingdom, India and Australasia. Egypt during the months following represented at once a vast depot and training centre, a base for the army in the Gallipoli Peninsula, and a theatre of war in itself, seeing that the Turk's threatened the country from the east and the Senussi from the west. His responsibilities were wide and varied, and, in so far as the security of the Nile Delta was concerned, his defensive measures were most successful, as the one serious advance which the Turks attempted was beaten off decisively. He was given the K. C.M.G. for his services and returned to England in March 1916. The Irish rebellion broke out a few weeks later, and Max- well was thereupon entrusted with the command of the troops in Ireland. He remained there until the autumn, and then was given command of the Northern District in England, which he held for two years. He was promoted full general in 1919. MAYBRICK, MICHAEL (1841-1913), English singer and composer, was born at Liverpool Jan. 31 1841. He was educated at Liverpool, and studied singing in Italy and Germany, subse- quently appearing with great success as a baritone singer in England. It was as a composer of popular songs, however, under the nom-de- plume of " Stephen Adams, " that he became best known, his most popular works being Nancy Lee, The Star of Bethlehem, The Holy City, A Warrior Bold, Long Live the King, etc. He died at Buxton Aug. 26 1913. MAYO, HENRY THOMAS (1856- ), American naval officer, was born at Burlington, Vt., Dec. 8 1856. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1876 and after passing through the usual stages of promotion became captain in 1908. From 1911 to 1913 he was commandant of the Mare Island navy yard and in the latter year was promoted to rear-admiral. In 1915 he was given the rank of vice-admiral and was in command of the squadrons of the Atlantic Fleet. The fpllowing year he was pro- moted to admiral and made commander-in-chief of the Atlantic Fleet, which position he held during America's participation in the World War. In 1918 he visited England, France and Italy on a tour of inspection. In 1919 his rank reverted to that of rear-admiral. MAYO, WILLIAM JAMES (1861- ), American surgeon, was born at Le Sueur, Minn., June 29 1861. His father, William Worrall Mayo, migrated when a boy from England to America, studied medicine, and served as surgeon at several army posts before settling at Rochester, Minnesota. Here the son, after graduating in medicine from the university of Michigan in 1883, began the practice of surgery. A small hospital was organized under the local branch of the Sisters of St. Francis, the out- growth of which was St. Mary's hospital. Here he and his younger brother, Charles Horace, developed the Mayo Clinic (organized 1889), which became famous throughout the world for the number and success of operations performed. The elder brother was elected president of the Minnesota State Medical Society in 1895, and in 1907 was appointed a regent of the univer- sity of Minnesota. He was elected president of the Society for Clinical Surgery in 1911 and the following year president of the American Surgical Association. On America's entrance into the World War he was appointed colonel in the Medical Corps, U.S. army, and chief consultant for surgical service. In 1919 he was awarded the D.S.M. CHARLES HORACE MAYO (1865- ), American surgeon, was born at Rochester, Minn., July 19 1865. After studying at Northwestern University and the Chicago Medical College (M.D. 1888), he began the practice of surgery at Rochester, Minn., and with his brother became surgeon at the Mayo Clinic. He was elected president of the Minnesota State Medical Society in 1905, president of the surgical section of the International Tuberculosis Congress in 1908, and president of the American Medical Association in 1916. He was appointed Mayo Foundation professor of surgery in 1915. During 1917-8 he was president of the examining board of applicants for commissions in the Medical Corps, having supervision over several states, including Minnesota. In 1918 he was appointed colonel in the Medical Corps and for a year was associate chief consultant for surgical service. Beginning with 1912, graduate courses in medicine were offered at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester. Early in 1915 the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research was incorporated, and to it the brothers gave $1,500,000. In June of the same year, by mutual agreement, the funds and resources of the Foundation were placed under the direction of the regents of the university of Minnesota for promoting " graduate work in medicine and research in this field." On Sept. 13 1917 the Foundation, with its fully-equipped staff, laboratories and clinics in Rochester, became a department of the university. MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825-1910), English classical scholar {see 17.937), died at Cambridge Dec. i 1910.

His brother, JOSEPH BICKERSTETH MAYOR (1828-1916), died at Kingston Hill, Surrey, Nov. 29 1916. MEATH, REGINALD BRABAZON, 12TH EARL or (1841- ), British philanthropist, was born July 31 1841 in London. He was educated at Eton and in Germany, and in 1863 became a clerk in the Foreign Office. In 1868 he entered the diplomatic service and was sent to Berlin, leaving Germany for The Hague in 1870. From 1871 to 1873 he was in Paris after the conclusion of the Franco-Prussian War. Subsequently he devoted himself to various philanthropic and municipal undertakings in Ireland and London. In 1879 he became the first chairman of the Young Men's Friendly Society; he also became chairman of the Metropolitan Public Gardens Assn., and was founder of the Empire Day movement. His publications include Social Arrows (1886); Social Aims (1893); Great Britain in Europe (1901); Great Britain in Asia (1905); Imperial and Social Subjects (1906).