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Rh cADOO, WILLIAM GIBBS (1863- ), American public official, was born near Marietta, Ga., Oct. 31 1863. He entered the university of Tennessee but did not finish his course. In 1882 he became a clerk in the U.S. Circuit Court of Chattanooga, read law, and three years later was admitted to the bar. He at once began practice in Chattanooga but in 1892 removed to New York City. There he became interested in the problem of passenger transportation. As early as 1874 a tunnel under the Hudson river from Hoboken to New York had been started but abandoned because of seem- ingly insuperable difficulties of construction. In 1002 he formed a company which took ovet the abandoned tunnel and in March 1904 this tunnel was completed. Later the system was extended to connect with the Erie and Pennsylvania terminals in Jersey City, and in 1909 the tunnel under the Hudson river to down- town New York was finished. In 1912 he was vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee and during most of the campaign was acting chairman because of the illness of Chair- man McCombs. He was a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson for president; and on the latter's election he was appointed, in 1913, Secretary of the Treasury. In this position he contributed largely to the working-out of the new Federal Reserve Banks system. He was chairman of the committee which divided the country into 12 Federal Reserve districts and selected the centres for the 12 banks; and was likewise chairman of the Federal Reserve Board which had supervision over the system inaugurated in Nov. 1914. He was also chairman ex officio of the Federal Farm Loan Board. In 1915 he brought about the meeting of the Pan-American Financial Congress in Washington and the organization of the International High Commission, of which he was chairman, for improving trade relations of the United States with Central and S. America. At the outbreak of the World War in Europe he favoured strict neutrality. After America's entrance into the war he was called upon to raise unprecedented sums of money. He was successful in floating four Liberty Loans between May 1917 and Oct. 1918, amounting in all to more than $16,000,000,000. He also secured the creation of a Bureau of War Risk Insurance for shipping, later extended to include life insurance for soldiers and sailors in the World War. He was the first Secretary of the Treasury to require national banks to pay interest on all Government deposits. When the railways were taken over by the Federal Government in 1917 he was appointed director-general. He favoured the League of Nations and woman suffrage, and likewise the prohibition amendment. He resigned the secre- taryship of the Treasury in Dec. 1918 and the directorship of railways the following January. He then resumed the practice of law in New York City. In 1885 he was married to Miss Sarah Fleming of Chattanooga, who died in 1912. In 1914 he married Miss Eleanor Wilson, a daughter of the President. MACARTHUR, MARY (1880-1921), British labour organizer, was born at Ayr Aug. 13 1880, her father being the proprietor of a drapery establishment. She was educated in Glasgow, and afterwards studied for some time in Germany. About 1901 she became interested in the Shop Assistants' Union, and her interest in this union led to her work for the improvement of women's labour conditions. She was active in furthering various strikes of women against insufficient wages, and her work for the sweated women chain-makers of Cradley Heath made her name very well known. To her the foundation of the Women's Trade Union League was chiefly due, and she was a prominent member of the National Anti-Sweating League. One of her main objects was the establishment of a minimum wage for women, and it was largely through her efforts that this principle was carried out in the Trade Boards Act of 1909. She herself became a member of the chain-making trade board. She was secretary to the Women's Trade Union League and to the National Federation of Women Workers, and was a member of the National Insurance advisory committee, while on the formation of the Central Com- mittee on Women's Employment (1914) she became its hon. secretary. Miss Macarthur married in 1911 William C. Anderson (d. 1919), chairman of the executive committee of the Labour party, who was from 1914 to 1918 member for the Attercliffe division of Sheffield. She died at Golders Green Jan. i 1921. MACBETH, ROBERT WALKER (1848-1910), British painter, was born at Glasgow Sept. 30 1848. He studied art in the schools of the Royal Scottish Academy, and in 1871 came to London, where he was for some time on the staff of the Graphic. In 1874 he became an associate of the Royal Water Colour Society. Both as painter and as etcher he was very popular. He died at Golders Green Nov. i 1910. Among his best -known works are "Dunster Castle " (1895), " The End of a Good Day " (1897) and " Naval Manoeuvres " (1899). McBRIDE, SIR RICHARD (1870-1917), Canadian statesman, was born at New Westminster, B.C., Dec. 15 1870 and was educated first in that city and later at Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. He was called to the Canadian bar in 1892, and entered the British Columbian Parliament as member for Dewd- ney in 1898. In 1900 he became Minister of Mines and in 1902 leader of the Opposition. In June 1903 he was returned to office as Prime Minister for the province and retained that position until 1916, when he became Agent-General for his province in London. His most notable achievement was an active railway policy fully endorsed by the electorate in Dec. 1909. He was created K.C.M.G. in 1912 and died in London Aug. 6 1917. M'CARTHY, JUSTIN (1830-1912), Irish politician and writer (see 17.200*), died at Folkestone April 24 1912. MACCOLL, DUGALD SUTHERLAND (1859- ), British art critic, was born at Glasgow in 1859. He was educated at Glasgow and later at University College, London, and Lincoln College, Oxford, where he won the Newdigate prize. He studied art at the Westminster school of art and the Slade school. He became art critic of the Spectator and also of the Saturday Review, later becoming editor of the Architectural Review. In 1906 he was appointed keeper of the National Gallery of British Art, and in 1911 keeper of the Wallace Collection. In 1917 he became a trustee of the National Gallery of British Art. He was prominent in the foundation of the National Art Collections Fund and the Contemporary Art Society. His published works include Greek Vase Paintings (1894); Nineteenth Century Art (1902); The Administration of the Chantrey Bequest (1904); and Rhythm in English Verse, Prose and Speech (1914). M:CORMICK, VANCE CRISWELL (1872- ), American poli- tician, was born at Harrisburg, Pa., June 19 1872. He was edu- cated at Yale (Ph.B. 1893). In 1900 he became a member of the city council of Harrisburg, and from 1902 to 1905 was mayor. In 1914 he was an unsuccessful candidate for governor of Pennsyl- vania. He was active in promoting President Wilson's reelection in 1916 and was that year chairman of the National Democratic Campaign Committee. From 1917 to 1919 he was chairman of the War Trade Board which supervised exports to neutral countries, after the entry of America into the World War. Soon after his appointment he visited England and France on a war mission. In Dec. 1918 he was invited to join President Wil- son in Paris as adviser, and was a member of the American Com- mission to Negotiate Peace the following year. In Feb. 1919 he was appointed a member of the Supreme Allied Blockade Council and the Economic Council. Before his appointment as chairman of the National Democratic Committee in 1916 he was a director of the Federal Reserve Board. MACCUNN, HAMISH (1868-1916), Scottish composer (see 17.209), died in London Aug. 2 1916. MACDONALD, JAMES RAMSAY (1866- ), British politician, was born at Lossiemouth, and educated at a board school. He early threw himself into the Socialist movement, and became before long, as organizer and writer, an important personality


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