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676 an end to the war by preparing the way for the revolution. He was prime minister in the Oct. revolution, and was elected by the National Council on Jan. n 1919 President of the Hunga- rian People's Republic. He handed over the Government on March 21 1919 to the Soviet Government, and after its fall emigrated to Czechoslovakia, then to Italy, but was expelled from there on Feb. I 1921 on account of Communist propaganda. He then obtained permission to live in Yugoslavia. KATO, TAKAAKI [KOMEI], VISCOUNT (1859- ), Japanese statesman (see 15.696), resigned his post as ambassador in London in Dec. 1912. Returning to Japan, he joined the late Prince Katsura's third Cabinet as Foreign Minister for the third time, but resigned soon after. He then reorganized the Doshikai, created by Katsura, and renamed it the Kensei-kai or Constitutionalist party, becoming its president in 1913 (see JAPAN: Political Developments). In April 1914 he joined the Okuma Cabinet as Foreign Minister, resigning in the following August. In Aug. 1915 he was elected to the House of Peers. KATSURA, TARO, PRINCE (1847-1913), Japanese soldier and statesman (see 15.697). In Aug. 1911 he resigned in favour of Marquess Saionji, having completed the work of financial re- form and treaty revision he had undertaken, and received the rank of prince. On Dec. 20 1912 he again accepted office as premier, gallantly facing the difficulties due to lack of public confidence in the control of State policy by the Genro (Elder Statesmen). In Feb. 1913, however, a vote of censure on the premier was moved in the Diet for the alleged misuse of imperial rescripts, and on Feb. n the Prince resigned office and was suc- ceeded by Adml. Yamamoto. His health was already failing and he died on Oct. 10 1913. KEANE, AUGUSTUS HENRY (1833-1912), Irish anthropologist, was born at Cork June 1 1833. He was educated at Dublin and in Rome for the Roman Catholic priesthood; but he declined to enter the Church, and devoted himself to geographical and ethnological research (see 1.442; 9.900; 22.678). He registered and classified almost every known language, and from these data worked out a system of ethnology. He edited Stanford's Compendium of Geography and, besides many papers in the journals of learned societies and in encyclopaedias, published Man, Past and Present (1899) ; Ethnology (1896 and later editions) ; The Gold ofOphir (1901), etc. He was professor of Hindustani at University College, London, till 1885. He died Feb. 3 1912. KEANE, JOHN JOSEPH (1830-1918), American Roman Catholic archbishop (see 15.706), died at Dubuque, la., June 22 1918. He had retired in 1911. KEARY, CHARLES FRANCIS (1848-1917), English author, was born near Stoke-on-Trent, March 28 1848. Educated at Marlborough and Trinity College, Cambridge, he was for some years in the coins department of the British Museum. His first published work was Outlines of Primitive Belief among the Indo-European Races (1882), followed by several works on Norse history and mythology, The Mythology of the Eddas (1882); The Vikings in Western Christendom (1890) and Norway and the Norwegians (1892). In 1910 he published a philosophical work The Pursuit of Reason; but from 1889 onwards he devoted most of his time to fiction and verse. Amongst his novels may be named A Marriage de Convenance (1889); Herbert Vaulennert (1895) and Bloomsbury (1905); and amongst his poems, Rigel, a Mystery (1903) and Religious Hours (1916). He died in Lon- don Oct. 25 1917. KELLOGG, CLARA LOUISE (1842-1916), American singer (see 15.719), died at New Hartford, Conn., May 13 1916. She was the author of Memoirs of an American Prima Donna (1913). KELTIE, SIR JOHN SCOTT (1840- ), British geographer, was born at Dundee March 29 1840. He was educated at Perth, and afterwards at St. Andrews and Edinburgh. In 1861 he joined the editorial staff of W. & R. Chambers, of Edinburgh, and from 1871 to 1884 was employed by Macmillan & Co., being also for some years the sub-editor of Nature. In. 1880 he was appointed editor of the Statesman's Year Book. He became in 1884 in- spector of geographical education in connexion with the Royal Geographical Society, becoming librarian of the society in 1885 and its secretary in 1892. This position he held till 1915, whe he was appointed joint-editor of the Geographical Journal. In 1917 he retired and in 1918 was knighted. Sir John Keltie has been the recipient of many honours from learned societies, including the Cullum gold medal of the American Geographical Society and the gold medals .of the Paris and Royal Scottish Geographical Societies (1915), besides the Victoria medal of the Royal Geographical Society (1917). In 1897 he was president of the geographical section of the British Association. His best- known book is The Partition of Africa (1894), which is one of the standard works on the subject. He has also published A History of the Scottish Highlands and Clans (1874) ; Report on Geographical Education (1886); Applied Geography (1890; new ed. 1908) and The History of Geography (with O. J. R. Howarth, 1914); besides many articles in scientific and geographical journals. He acted during the winter of 1918-9 as a geographical adviser to the historical section of the Foreign Office. KENDAL, WILLIAM HUNTER (1843-1917), English actor (see 15.727), died in London Nov. 7 1917. KENNEDY, SIR WILLIAM RANN (1846-1915), English judge, was born at Dublin Jan. 14 1846. He was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge, where he had a distinguished career. He was called to the bar in 1871, and became a Q.C. in 1885. He joined the northern circuit and settled in Liverpool, where as an expert in shipping and mercantile cases he earned a very high reputation. He unsuccessfully contested Birkenhead in 1885 and 1886, and St. Helens in 1892, in the Liberal interest. In 1892 he was appointed a judge of the Queen's Bench division and was knighted, and in 1907 became a lord of appeal, being made a Privy Councillor in 1909. He died in London Jan. 17 1915. KENTUCKY (see 15.740). The census of 1920 ranked Kentucky as 15th state with a pop. of 2,416,630; in 1910 the state was 14! with 2,289,905. The gain of 126,725, or 5-5%, was numerically the least since 1840 and per cent the least since 1790. There wer< 1,227,494 males and 1,189,136 females. The whites number 2,i8o,'56o, an increase since 1910 of 7-5%; the negroes 235,938, a decrease of 9-8%. Foreign-born whites numbered 30,780 or 1-3% of the total pop., as against 40,053, or 1-7% in 1910. There were also 57 Indians, 62 Chinese, 9 Japanese, and 4 others. White men 21 years of age and over numbered 584,721; whit women, 560,804; total, including negroes, 1,289,496, most whom may vote under the new election laws of 1920. The den- sity of pop. in 1920 was 60- 1 to the sq. m.;, in 1910, 57. The state remained overwhelmingly rural, despite a rise of urban pop. from 24-3% in 1910 to 26-2% in 1920. Sixty-four counties widely scattered, lost pop. in the decade; while four in the caster coal-fields gained 50% or more. In 1916 the Baptists claimed 367,731 members; Roman Catholics, 160,185; Methodists, 155,229; Disciples of Christ, 129,972; Presbyterians, 48,423; Church of Christ, 24,216; Episcopalians, 9,383. The eight citie with a pop. of over 10,000 in 1920 were:

1920

1910

Increase Per cent

Louisville. Covingtori Lexington Newport. Paducah. Owensboro Ashland. Henderson

234.891 57,121 41,534 29,317 24,735 21,055 14,729 12,160.

223,928 53,270 35,099 30,309 22,760 16,011 8,688 ",452

4-9 7-2 18-3 -3-3 8-7 31-5 69-5 6-3

Education. The large number of illiterates reported in 1910 (208,084) led to the creation of two illiteracy commissions in 1914 and 1918 respectively. In Rowan county in 191 1 night schools fo adult illiterates were inaugurated. Renewed educational campaign secured a compulsory attendance law, higher salaries, consolidate schools, better organization and more revenue, reducing illiterac from 12-1% in 1910 to 8-4% in'ig2O. An Act of 1920 grants to counties and cities ample taxing powers to provide for their schools. Thecensus reported 702,391 children of school age, of whom 519,093 were enrolled. High schools shared in this expansion, increasing from 83 in 1910 to 400 in 1920.

Agriculture. The number of farms increased from 259,185 in 1910 to 270,626 in 1920, but the improved land decreased from 14,354,471 ac. to 13,975,746, despite the efforts of the reclamation