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Rh pointed statistical officer to the London County Council, becoming in 1900 clerk to the Council. He was founder of the Folklore Society and editor successively of the Antiquary, the Archaeological Review and the Folklore Journal, and few men have ever possessed a more profound knowledge of the past and present history of London (see 16.957). He married Alice Bertha Merck, authoress of Traditional Games of Great Britain. ID 1911 he was knighted. He died at Long Crendon, Bucks, Feb. 25 1916.

GOMPERS, SAMUEL (1850–), American labour leader (see 12.230), was convicted in 1907 and sentenced to 12 months imprisonment for contempt of court in disobeying an injunction restraining him from printing the name of the Buck Stove and Range Co. in the " black list " of The Federationist (the organ of the A. F. of L.). He appealed, and after seven years of litiga- tion he won his case, the U.S. Supreme Court deciding in 1914 that action was barred by the statute of limitations. Although in theory opposed to all war, after the outbreak of the World War he resisted any tendency in labour unions to favour peace at any price, and declared himself in favour of voluntary mili- tary training. After America's entrance into the World War he was appointed a member of the Advisory Commission of the Council of National Defense in 1917; the same year he was elected president of the American Alliance of Labor and Democracy, which was organized, with the approval of President Wilson, for combating disloyal propaganda among workmen. He represented the A. F. of L. at the Peace Conference in Paris 1918-9, and was appointed chairman of the International Com- mittee on Labour Legislation. He was also chairman of the American labour delegates at the convention of the Inter- national Federation of Trades Unions at Amsterdam in 1919. He consistently opposed socialistic movements among the unions and favoured collective bargaining. He opposed compulsory arbitration in labour disputes and urged that labour unions be exempt from the anti-trust law. He urged the ratification of the Peace Treaty. In 1921 he was elected president of the A. F. of L. for the fortieth time. GOMPERZ, THEODOR (1832–1912), German scholar (see 12.230), died at Baden, near Vienna, Aug. 29 1912. GOODWIN, NAT(HANIEL) CARL (1857–1919), American actor (see 12.239), died in New York Jan. 31 1919. GOODWIN, WILLIAM WATSON (1831–1912), American scholar (see 12.240), died in Cambridge, Mass., June 16 1912. GORE, CHARLES (1853–), English divine (see 12.254), was in 1911 translated from the see of Birmingham to that of Oxford. In 1919 he resigned his bishopric and settled in London, where he continued to identify himself with those social and economic tendencies which are known as Christian Socialist. His recent works include New Theology and Old Religion (1908); Orders and Unity (1910); The Question of Divorce (1911) and The Religion of the Church (1916). GORELL, JOHN GORELL BARNES, (1848–1913), English judge, was born at Liverpool May 16 1848, the son of Henry Barnes, a shipowner. He was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he took his degree in 1868. He began work as a solicitor, but was called to the bar in 1876, becoming Q.C. in 1888. He was well known as an expert in Admiralty cases, and in 1892 was made a judge of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty division, becoming its president in 1905 on the retirement of Sir Francis Jeune (Lord St. Helier). He was made a privy councillor in 1905, and in 1909 was raised to the peerage. In 1909 he became chairman of the royal commission on divorce. Lord Gorell, who married in 1881 Mary, daughter of Thomas Mitchell, died at Mentone April 22 1913.

He was succeeded by his son, (1882– 1917), who was born Jan. 21 1882, and educated at Winchester, Trinity College, Oxford, and Harvard. He was called to the bar in 1906, and acted as secretary to his father during the latter's later years on the bench and also during his presidency of the divorce commission. He served during the World War and was awarded the D.S.O. He was killed in action Jan. 16 1917, and was succeeded as 3rd baron by his brother, the Hon. Ronald Gorell Barnes (b. 1884).

GORGAS, WILLIAM CRAWFORD (1854–1920), American army surgeon, was born at Mobile, Ala., Oct. 3 1854. His father was brigadier-general and chief of ordnance in the Confederate army during the Civil War. He was educated at the university of the South, Sewanee, Tenn. (A.B. 1875), and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York (M.D. 1879). He was an interne at Bellevue hospital from 1878 to 1880 and in the latter year entered the Medical Corps of the U.S. army. In 1885 he became captain. During the Spanish-American War he served as major (Medical Corps), being sent, after the Santiago expedition, to Havana where he assumed care of yellow-fever patients. From 1898 to 1902, as chief sanitary officer he was in charge of the sanitation measures carried out in Havana. The city was thoroughly cleaned and many experiments were conducted in connexion with the recent discovery that yellow fever was transmitted by the mosquito. Because of his success in eliminating yellow fever at Havana he was made assistant surgeon-general, U.S. army, with the rank of colonel, by a special Act of Congress in 1903. In 1904 he was sent as chief sanitary officer to Panama, where two of the main obstacles to success in building the Canal were yellow fever and malaria. Here again his methods were so efficient that by the close of 1906 he had eliminated yellow fever from the Canal region. Malaria also was eventually brought under control and the Canal Zone converted into a healthful spot. In 1907 he was appointed a member of the Isthmian Canal Commission by President Roosevelt, and the following year was U.S. delegate to the first Pan-American Medical Congress, held at Santiago, Chile. He was president of the American Medical Association 1908-9. In 1913 he was called to the Rand Gold Mines in South Africa to suggest means for combating the frequent epidemics of pneu- monia (influenza). This he found was largely due to crowding the labourers together in barracks, and he recommended that they be placed with their families in separate abodes. In 1914 he was made surgeon-general, U.S. army, with the rank of brigadier-general. The same year he was awarded the degree of D.Sc. by the university of Oxford and received the Seaman medal from the American Museum of Safety and a gold medal from the American Medical Association. In 1916 he was made major-general, U.S. army, and in 1918 was retired. He then assumed the permanent directorship of the yellow-fever work of the International Health Board of the Rockefeller Foundation. He went to Central America to make a survey, and under his direction investigation of yellow fever was made at Guayaquil, Ecuador, and in Guatemala. In 1919 he accepted a contract with the Government of Peru to carry out a sanitary programme in that country. He received many marks of recognition at home and abroad. He was awarded the D.S.M. (U.S.), and made Commander of the Legion of Honour (France) and K.C.M.G. (Great Britain). He died in London July 4 1920 and was buried in the Arlington National Cemetery in Washington, D.C. GORGEI, ARTHUR (1818–1916), Hungarian soldier (see 12.256), died in May 1916. GORST, SIR JOHN ELDON (1835–1916), British politician (see 12.261), died in London April 4 1916. His son,, died at Castle Combe, Wilts., July 12 1911. GOSSE, EDMUND (1849–), English man of letters (see ), was the recipient Sept. 21 1919, his 70th birthday, of an address of congratulation signed by a large body of Englishmen of note in art or letters, in recognition of his long and distinguished service to literary criticism. This was followed up by the presentation to him on their behalf of a portrait bust, Nov. 9 1920. His more recent publications include Portraits and Studies (1912); Collected Essays (1912); Inter Arma (1916); The Life of A. C. Swinburne (1917); Three French Moralists (1918); Some Diversions of a Man of Letters (1919).