Page:EB1922 - Volume 31.djvu/129

Rh FRANCE (see 10.775*). The convulsions of the World War deeply disturbed the work of the statistical machinery of France, both central and local. Ten departments of the country were for several years in enemy occupation, and the result was that in 1921 no proper statistical information as to the population and its activities during that period was obtainable. In many places local records had been destroyed, and the central statistical bureau was deprived of many of its workers.

Population. The quinquennial census, which was first taken in 1831, was interrupted in 1916 by the war. It was again taken in March 1921. The last previous complete census returns, those of 1911, showed the total pop. to be 39,604,992, including 1,152,096 foreigners, a slight decrease as compared with the 1906 figures. The organized efforts made to stem the fall in the birth-rate and to reduce infant mortality by the granting of preferential treatment to large families and by hygiene had not met with the success they deserved, and the losses in war-time came to aggravate the problem.

The census taken in March 1921 (provisional figures) gave France a total pop. of 37,499,394, of whom 1,415,128 were foreigners. These figures do not include the French troops abroad in the occupied territories of Germany, nor the French forces in the plebiscite zone of Upper Silesia and the mandate territory of Syria, nor do they include the pop. of the recovered provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. As the distribution of parlia- mentary representation is based upon pop., it should be noted that the two constituencies of Aveyron contain 181,821 and 145,942 French inhabitants; the two divisions of the Bouches- du-Rhone have 507,224 and 187,715; the two of Calvados, 229,478 and 148,061; the two of the Loire-Inferieure, 331,630 and 314,316; the Maine-et-Loire 253,395 and 219,209; the Pas- de-Calais, 545,023 and 406,572; the Basses-Pyrenees 219,193 and 161,686; and the four divisions of the Seine have as French pop. 955*539, 785,232, 996,174 and 1,440,652. Table 3 gives the details of the departmental population. Including Alsace- Lorraine, the census showed a total pop. of 39,402,739, of whom 1,550,449 were foreigners.

Male pop. in 1911 numbered 19,254,444; the female pop. was 19,937,689, an excess of females over males of 683,245. This pre- ponderance of females in France has been steadily more marked since 1886. For every 1,000 males there were 1,014 females in 1891, 1,033 in 1901 and 1,035 in 1911, when the proportion was 50-87 females, as compared with 50-80 in 1901. The growth in female population is due both to increased female births and to increased female longevity. Congestion in urban areas at the expense of agricultural districts was a marked feature of 1911 returns, and it was anticipated that this movement would be shown even more clearly in 1921 returns.

TABLE I. Towns of over 100,000 Inhabitants.

1906

1911

Paris

2,7",93i

2,847,229

Lyons

430,186

523,796

Marseilles

421,116

550,619

Bordeaux ......

237,767

261,678

Lille

196,624

217,807

St. Etienne

130,940

148,656

Le Havre

129,403

136,159

Toulouse

125,856

149,576

Roubaix

H9,955

122,723

Nantes

118,244

170,535

Rouen

in ,402

124,987

Reims

102,800

U5.I78

Nice

99,556

142,940

Nancy

98,302

119,949

Toulon. ...

87,997

104,582

TABLE 2. Towns of 50,000-100,000 Inhabitants (ion).

Amiens

93,207

Orleans

72,096

Limoges

92,181

Le Mans

69,361

Angers

83,786

Troyes

55,486

Brest ....

90,540

St. Denis

71,759

Nimes

80,437

Levallois-Perret

68,703

Montpellier

80,230

Clermont-Ferrand

65,386

Dijon

76,847

Versailles

60,458

Tourcoing.

82,644

Besancon

57,978

Rennes

79,372

Boulogne-sur- Seine

57,027

Tours. .

73,398

St. Quentin

55,571

Calais.

72,322

Boulogne-sur-Mer

53,128

Grenoble.

77,438

Beziers

51,042

TABLE 3. Departmental Population (1921)

Department

Total Pop.

1-rrnrh

Foreign

Ain

315,757

307,398

8,359

Aisne ....

421-515

402,285

19,230

Allier

370,950

369,377

i,573

Alpes (Basses-)

91,882

87,070

4,812

Alpes (Hautes-)

89,275

86,852

2,423

Alpes-Maritimes.

357,759

257,042

100,717

Ardeche

294,308

293,258

1,050

Ardennes ....

277,791

253,989

23,802

Ariege

172,851

168,309

4,542

Aube

227,745

224,575

3,170

Aude

286,532

260,061

26,471

Aveyron

332,94

327,763

5,177

Bouches-du-Rh&ne

841,996

694,939

H7.057

Calvados ....

384,501

377,539

6,962

Cantal

199,401

198,924

477

Charente ....

316,249

3H,877

1,372

CharenteTnfeVieure

418,310

416,148

2,162

Cher .....

304,800

303,793

1,007

Correze

273,808

273,484

324

Corse

281,959

275,58i

6,378

C6te-d'Or ....

321,088

316,970

4,118

C6tes-du-Nord

557,824

557,091

733

Creuse

228,344

227,900

444

Dordogne ....

396,702

394,955

1,747

Doubs

284,975

270,978

13,997

Dr6me

263,509

261,026

2,483

Eure

303,092

294,703

8,389

Eure-et-Loir ....

251,259

249,426

1,833

Finistere

762,514

762,048

466

Card

396,169

382,020

H,I49

Garonne (Haute-).

424,482

413,505

io,977

Gers

194,406

189,664

4,742

Gironde

819,404

794,057

25,347

Herault. -

488,215

436,004

52,211

Ille-et-Vilaine.

558,574

556,800

1-774

Indre

260,535

259,802

733

Indre-et-Loire.

327,743

325,203

2,540

Isere

525.522

503,169

22,353

Jura

229,062

223,278

5,784

Landes

263,937

261,414

2,523

Loir-et-Cher ....

251,528

249,889

1,639

Loire

637,130

618,169

18,961

Loire (Haute-)

268,893

268,365

528

Loire-Inferieure

649,723

645,978

3,745

Loiret

337,224

334,738

2,486

Lot

176,889

1/6,139

750

Lot-et-Garonne

239,972

234.734

5,238

Lozere

108,822

108,820

2

Maine-et-Loire

474,786

472,604

2,182

Manche

425-512

. 423.457

2,055

Marne

366,734

355,661

11,073

Marne (Haute-)

198,865

195,185

3,680

Mayenne ....

262,447

261,903

544

Meurthe-et-Moselle

503,810

459,889

43,921

Meuse

207,309

196,687

10,622

Morbihan ....

546,047

545,623

424

Nievre

270,148

267,395

2,753

Nord

T 788,518

1,616,772

171,746

Oise

387,760

370,105

f *f / 1" 17,655

Orne

274,814

272,772

2,042

Pas-de-Calais ....

989,967

951,595

38,372

Puy-de-D&me.

490,560

487,534

3,026

Pyrenees (Basses-)

402,981

380,879

22,102

Pyrenees (Hautes-)

185,760

180,246

5,514

Pyrenees-Orientales

217,503

183,068

34,435

Rhin (Haut-) (Belfort).

94,338

89,590

4,748

Rhdne. . ..

956,566

917,957

38,609

Sa&ne (Haute-)

228,348

225,028

3.320

Sa6ne-et-Loire

554,816

550,227

4,589

Sarthe. . ..

389,235

387,523

1,712

Savoie. . ..

225,034

211,988

13,046

Savoie (Haute-)

235,668

223,522

12,146

Seine. . ..

4,411,446

4,177,597

233,849

Seine-Inferieure

880,671

862,793

17,878

Seine-et-Marne

349,257

339,276

9,981

Seine-et-Oise.

921,673

887,523

34, 1 50

Sevres (Deux-)

3IO,O6O

309,421

639

Somme. . ..

452,624

440,202

12,422

Tarn. . ..

295,588

290,852

4,736

Tarn-et-Garonne

159,559

158,124

1-435

Var. ..

322,945

270,450

52,495

Vaucluse. . ..

219,602

210,845

8,757

Vendee. . ..

397,292

396,596

696

Vienne. . ..

306,248

305,431

817

Vienne (Haute-)

350,235

349,522

713

Vosges. ..

383,684

377,847

5,837

Yonne. ..

273,"8

270,468

2,650


 * These figures indicate the volume and page number of the previous article.