Page:EB1922 - Volume 30.djvu/572

530 Increase

1920

1910

%

Los Angeles

576,673

319,198

80-7

San Francisco ....

506,676

416,912

21-5

Oakland

216,261

150-174

44-o

San Diego

74,683

39,578

88-7

Sacramento

65,908

44,696

47-5

Berkeley

56,036

40,434

38-6

Long Beach

55,593

17,809

212-2

Pasadena

45.354

30,291

49-7

Fresno

45,086

24,892

81-1

Stockton

40,296

23,253

73'3

San Jose '.

39,642

28,946

37-o

Alameda

28,806

23,383

Agriculture. During the decade 191020 the number of farms in- creased from 88,197 to 117,670, or 33-4%; all land in farms increased from 27,931,444 ac. to 29,365,667 ac. ; improved land increased from 11,389,894 ac. to 11,878,339 ac. The value of all farm property rose from $1,614,694,584 in 1910 to $3,431,021,861 in 1920. The average acreage per farm decreased from 316-7 ac. in 1910 to 249-6 ac. in 1920; the average value per acre increased from $47.16 to $94.77. In 1920 over 4,000,000 ac. were under irrigation. Of domestic animals on farms in 1920, there were 402,407 horses, valued at $35,416,507; 63,419 mules, valued at $7,221,930; 1,229,086 beef cattle, valued at $61,280,293; 778,951 dairy cattle, valued at $59,- 401,153; 2,400,151 sheep, valued at $25,906,445; 909,272 swine, valued at $13,850,907. Poultry was valued at $15,293,570, and hives of bees at $1,469,447. The total wool production for 1919 was 15,- 216,957 lb. valued at $6,695,461.

The following table shows comparative acreage, production and value of the chief crops for 1909 and 1919 :

Acreage

Production

Value

Corn.

1919

116,740

3,448,459 bus.

$ 5,862,383

.

1909

51,935

1,273,901

1,077,411

Oats.

1919

146,889

2,966,776

2,966,776

"...

1909

192,158

4,143-688

2,637,047

Wheat.

1919

1,086,428

16,866,882

36,938,477

"

1909

478,217

6,203,206

6,323,983

Barley.

1919

987,068

21,897,283

35,035,654

.

1909

1,195,158

26,441,954

17,184,508

Beans. .

1919

471,674

6,552,951

30,798,869

"

1909

157,987

3,328,218

6,295,457

Potatoes

1919

63,305

8,217,937

18,901,258

.

1909

67,688

9,824,005

4,879,449

Hay and forage.

1919

2,202,853

4,494,940 tons

96,121,846

tl tf it

1909

2,534-235

4,331,885 "

42,206,252

Hops.

1919

8,118

12,610,055 lb.

6,557,229

1909

8,391

",994-953 "

1,731,110

Cotton

1919

87,308

46,4 1 8 bales

9,237,182

"...

1909

324

183 "

",744

Cotton during the decade showed a remarkable increase in produc- tion and obtained the rank of a staple crop. The production of rice passed beyond the experimental stage and in 1919, from 130,367 ac. were produced 6,926,313 bus., valued at $20,432,627. The production of sugar beets, 843,269 tons, valued at $4,313,981 in 1909, fell to 666,866 tons in 1919, valued, however, at $8,669,258. In 1919 the total production of orchard fruits was 47,557,570 bus., valued at $91,687,814. The most important were peaches ($29,542,787), plums and prunes ($28,381,734), apples ($12,155,128) and apricots ($11,815,290). The production of oranges in 1919 was 21,628,444 boxes, valued at $67,048,178. Among the more recent commercial fruits are alligator pears (avocados), of which 7,919 crates were pro- duced in 1919, valued at $63,352.

Minerals. The total value of mineral products for 1910 was $86,688,347. California was the second state in gold production with 988,853 fine oz., valued at $20,441,400. Gold production for 1919 was 841,638 fine oz., valued at $17,398,200; silver 1,153,614 fine oz., valued at $1,293,051. Copper production fell to 22,299,656 lb., valued at $4,236,934, as compared with 47,674,660 lb. in 1918, valued at $11,775,641. Lead production fell in 1919 to 4,455,161 lb., valued at $253,944, as compared with 13,372,049 lb. in 1918, valued at $506,087; quicksilver to 14,941 flasks, as compared with 22,621 in 1918. The oil output for 1918 was 97, 531, 997 barrels.

Manufactures. The following preliminary figures show the growth in manufactures between 1914 and 1919:

1919

1914

Establishments

11,943

JO O^7

Persons engaged. Proprietors and firm members Wage-earners (average)

296,999 12,460 243,794

J76.547 10,429

I39,48i

Capital.

$1,333,382,000

$736,105,455

Wages Cust of materials. Value of product. Value added by manufacture

304,523,000 1,218,890,000 1,981,443,000 762,553,000

105,612,681

447,474,531 712,800,764 265,326,2-5-5

The principal industries in 1914 were canning and preserving, $61,162,849; petroleum refining, $55,527,651; lumber and timber products, $52,860,272; slaughtering and meat packing, $50,011,820; printing and publishing, $34,774,879; foundry and machine-shop products, $31 ,732,384 ; flour-mill and grist-mill products, $24,078,735 ; bread and other bakery products, $21,855,181 ; butter, cheese, and condensed milk, $20,466,428; cars and general shop construction, and repairs by steam-railway companies, $17,199,717; and beet sugar, $15,528,666. California ranked ninth state in the total value of manufactured products; first in the canning industry and in the production of crude petroleum ; second in petroleum refining, ex- ceeded only by New Jersey ; and third in lumber and timber products.

Communications. In June 1910 the total railway mileage was 7,545 m. of main track. The total mileage, Jan. I 1919, was 8,268, or 5-31 m. per 100 sq. m. of territory. The chief railways were the Southern Pacific, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa F<5 (both trans-continental lines), and the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake. Since 1910 there has been rapid improvement of high- ways. In that year for the first time bonds, amounting to $18,000,- ooo, were issued for developing an excellent system of roads. In 1916 a second issue of $15,000,000 was made, and in 1919 the vo- ters adopted a constitutional amendment providing for the issue of $40,000,000 to complete the projected system. By the close of 1920 about $36,000,000 had been expended. From June 1916 to June 1920 the improved roads had been increased from about 1,127 m - to about 2,493 m -, and about 3,067 m. of the project yet remained to be improved. The larger part of the system consisted of cement concrete base with thin bituminous top. Steamship communication in- creased rapidly during the period 1909-20. About $12,000,000 was ex- pended on improving San Pedro Bay and the harbour of Los Angeles.

Banking and Finance. On June ^o 1920 of 723 banks reporting the capital stock paid in was $151,585,000, and aggregate resources $2,499,597,000. Between 1912 and 1920 the number of national banks in the state increased from 231 to 310, and their total re- sources from $561,214,000 to $1,092,956,000. During the same period the number of savings banks decreased from 132 to 106; depositors increased from 597,159 to 853,530, and deposits from $407,006,665 to $875,951,000. The average for each depositor increased from $681.16 in 1912 to $1,026.27 in 1920. The cash in the state treasury July I 1910 was $7,201,220. The receipts for the fiscal year ending June 1911 were $18,843,854; expenditures $18,591,471. Total receipts for the fiscal year ending June 1919 were $50,132,900; ex- penditures $50,691,433. Cash on hand July I 1919 was $14,140,661. On the same date the assessed valuation on taxable property was $4,023,000,588. The net bonded debt was $44,138,500.

Education. From 1910 to 1917 the number of pupils enrolled in the public schools increased from 349,145 to 569,284, and teachers from 10,769 to 19,074. The value of school property in 1910 was $38,661,761; in 1917 it was $92,800,821. Expenditures for public schools in 1910 were $6,000,000; in 1917 $34,133,122. In 1917 the average salary in the elementary schools was $81.74 P r month; in the high schools $1,473 per year.

History. Many amendments to the constitution were ratified during the decade 1010-20. Among the more important were those for the initiative and referendum, the recall (including the recall of judges), woman suffrage, the granting of larger powers to the state railway commission, adoption of the short ballot, all these in 1911 ; in 1912 the provision of a uniform series of text-books for use in elementary schools together with their free distribution. In 1914 a proposed prohibition amendment to the constitution was defeated. In 1914 and again in 1920 the proposal of the Legislature that a convention be called to re- vise the constitution was overwhelmingly defeated. Important legislation included a workmen's compensation Act and the limiting of the hours of women's labour to 8 hours a day or 48 hours a week (1911); an Act providing for the confinement and care of drug addicts (1912): mothers' pensions; a blue sky law, designed to protect investors against unscrupulous promoters; and the sterilization of persons twice imprisoned for sexual crime (1913); provision for absent voting by those engaged in national service, for creating a state council of national defense to cooperate with the Federal Council of National Defense, and for the regulation of stages and automobiles, operating as common carriers over definite routes (1917); a compulsory part-time education law; vocational reeducation of workmen disabled in industry; raising of compulsory school age limit from 15 to 16; creation of a department of agriculture; pro- vision of an industrial farm for the rehabilitation of fallen women; and ratification of Federal prohibition (1919).

In Nov. 1910 Hiram W. Johnson was elected governor. He had travelled through the state, attacking the "special inter- ests," particularly the Southern Pacific railway, which he accused