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472 admitted to the bar in 1889, practised at Lyons, Kansas, 1890-1, and thereafter at Boise, Idaho. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the U.S. Senate in 1902, but was elected in 1907 and again in 1913 and 1919. At the time of the split in the Republican party in 1912 he opposed the nomination of President Taft but refused to bolt and follow Roosevelt, al- though in sympathy with his policies. In 1913 he was a vigorous opponent of Secretary Bryan's proposal to create a U.S. protectorate over Nicaragua. The same year he intro- duced an unsuccessful bill for raising the income tax exemp- tion to $4,000. He had long favoured a Federal levy on incomes but thought that with the then existing system of indirect taxation the additional burden should fall upon the well-to-do. He favoured woman suffrage and independence of the Philippines, but was opposed to the league to enforce peace on the ground that it tended toward internationalism. He strongly opposed many of the measures of President Wilson's administration, and in particular the League of Nations, against which, as a delegate-at-large from his state, he was an effective speaker at the Republican National Convention of 1920.

BORDEN, SIR FREDERICK WILLIAM (1847-1917), Canadian statesman (see 4.245), failed to secure reelection to the Dominion Parliament in 1911 and retired from politics. He had been created K.C.M.G. in 1902 on the occasion of the coronation of Edward VII. He died at Toronto Jan. 6 1917.

BORDEN, SIR ROBERT LAIRD (1854- ), Canadian states- man (see 4.245), became leader of the Conservative Opposition in the Canadian House of Commons in Feb. 1901, on the resigna- tion of Sir Charles Tupper. This position he held until 1911, when the Laurier Administration was defeated on the Taft- Fielding Reciprocity Compact with the United States; he was then called upon to form in Oct. 1911 a new administration and was sworn of the Privy Council Jan. i 1912, taking office as president of the King's Privy Council of Canada in the new Cabinet. For the purpose of more effectively carrying on Canada's part in the World War he formed, in Oct. 1917, a Union Government, comprising members of both the Liberal and Conservative parties, in which he took office as Secretary of State for External Affairs. The Union Government was returned to power in the general election of Dec. 17 1917. Borden was a member of the Imperial War Cabinet and Imperial War Conference 1917-8 held in London, England, but owing to ill health resigned the premiership in 1919. He was created G.C.M.G. in 1914.

BORGLUM, GUTZON (1867- ), American sculptor, was born in Idaho, March 25 1867. His father was a physician who emigrated from Denmark in 1864. He was educated at St. Mary's College, Kan., studied art at the school of the San Francisco (Cal.) Art Association, and during 1890-3 attended the Academic Julien and the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. He then returned to America for a year, but in 1896 went to London, and during the next five years exhibited much sculpture and painting there and in Paris. In 1902 he moved his studio to New York. In 1904 he received a gold medal for sculpture at the St. Louis Exposition. He was a member of numerous organizations, including the Royal Society of British Artists and the Societe Nationale des Beaux Arts, France. He was a disciple of Rodin and a leader of the insurgency in America. His theory of representing history by sculpture is thoroughly in accord with that of ancient Greece. The huge scale of many of his conceptions can be compared only with that of antique Oriental monuments. For example, he proposed a Confederate memorial on Stone Mt. near Atlanta, Ga., to be cut in relief along the face of that granite mountain as a frieze representing an army on the march, conspicuous from a great distance. In 1919 he exhibited a head of Lincoln cut from a block weighing six tons. The same year he was chosen to design a monument for Warsaw, commemorating the rebirth of Poland. Among his colossal figures are the Twelve Apostles for the cathedral of St. John the Divine, in New York, and another head of Lincoln in the rotunda of the Capitol at Washington. Other works include the Sheridan monument in Washington; "Mares of Diomedes" and "Ruskin " in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; statue of Lincoln, Newark, N.J.; statue of Henry Ward Beecher, Brooklyn; the Wyatt Memorial, Raleigh, N.C.; "The Flyer" at the university of Virginia; gargoyles for a Princeton dormitory; "Wonderment of Motherhood" and "Conception."

BORGLUM, SOLON HANNIBAL (1868- ), American sculptor (see 4.250), brother of the foregoing, completed many important statues after 1910, including " God's Command to Retreat" (1911, Napoleon on horseback in a snow drift, bronze); "Jacob Leisler," first governor of New Amsterdam (1911, heroic figure in bronze at New Rochelle, N.Y.); "Reverie of a Pioneer " (colossal equestrian for the Court of Honour, San Francisco Exposition); " Backin' 'Em Up" (1919, four dismounted cavalrymen, with horses); " The Little Lady of the Dew " (unveiled 1920 in the churchyard of St. Mark's in the Bouwerie, New York City); " Inspiration " and " Aspiration " (1920, two statues of Indians, in stone, both at St. Mark's in the Bouwerie). He was Y.M.C.A. secretary with the French army in 1918, won the Croix de Guerre, and later was engaged in educational work with the A.E.F. in France.

BORIS III. (1894- ), King of Bulgaria, eldest son of King, Ferdinand (see 10.269) and of Marie Louise de Bourbon, eldest daughter of Duke Robert of Parma, was born at Sofia, Jan. 30 1894. Although his parents were Roman Catholics, the prince was, on Feb. 14 1896, received into the Orthodox church, the Tsar Nicholas II. being his god-father. He was educated entirely in Bulgaria, first by tutors and later at the cadet and officers' schools, serving subsequently as A.D.C. to the King and to various generals. On the abdication of King Ferdinand, immediately after the Armistice which put an end to Bulgaria's disastrous share in the World War, Boris succeeded his father, Oct. 4 1918.

BORNET, JEAN BAPTISTS EDOUARD (1828-1911), French botanist, was born at Guerigny Sept. 2 1828. Details of his special work on algae and lichens will be found in 1.590, 16.578 and 26.899. He was elected a^ member of the Academic des Sciences in 1886 and received the gold medal of the Linnean Society in 1891. He died in Paris Dec. 17 1911.

BOROEVIC VON BOJNA, SVETOZAR (1856-1920), Austro- Hungarian field-marshal, was born at Umetic in Croatia. As a young officer of infantry he served through the campaign for the occupation of Bosnia in 1878, and afterwards on the general staff until he reached the rank of general. In the World War he first led the VI. Corps in the victorious battle of Komarow, and as commander of the 3rd Army beat off the Russian attacks in the Carpathians until May 1915. He then took over the command on the Isonzo. His name is for ever associated with the 11 victorious battles fought in the defence against Italian armies twice as numerous as the Austrians and considerably better equipped. After the collapse of the monarchy the Yugoslav Government refused the " black and yellow " general permission to return to his province.

Boroevic embodies the type of the Croat general of the past in the more polished mould of the present. By iron industry he had acquired the fullest mastery of the science of war, as a general in the field he was distmguished-by his intuitive judgment of the enemy, by his tenacious energy, and by bis ingenuity as a tactician.

BOSANQUET, BERNARD (1848- ), English philosopher, was born at Rock, near Alnwick, June 14 1848. Educated at Harrow and Balliol College, Oxford, he was for ten years a lecturer at University College, Oxford (1871-81). In 1881 he came to London, and until 1897 engaged in lecturing and social work. He married in 1895 Helen Dendy, herself the author of books on social problems. During 1903-8 he was professor of moral philosophy at St. Andrew's University. He became a fellow of the British Academy. A Hegelian in philosophy and a disciple of T. H. Green, his logical tenets are described in 16.886, 888 and 917.

Amongst his published works are Knowledge and Reality (1885); Logic, or the Morphology of Knowledge (1888); Essentials of Logic