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Rh Fair (1912); and the fine Hebridean Symphony (1916) for the publication of which the Carnegie Trust made themselves responsible. His great choral symphonies, for instance, Atalanta, a colossal work for unaccompanied choirs, occupying about 45 minutes in performance, and its companion, Vanity of Vanities (1914), are remarkable examples of his work. Bantock was largely instrumental in establishing the Birmingham competition festivals in 1912 and in increasing their efficiency.

 BARCLAY, FLORENCE LOUISA (1862–1921), English novelist, was born at Limpsfield, Surrey, Dec. 2 1862, the daughter of the Rev. S. Charlesworth, rector of the parish, and niece of Maria Louisa Charlesworth, author of Ministering Children. On March 10 1881 she married the Rev. Charles Barclay, vicar of Little Amwell, Herts. Her first novel, The Wheels of Time, appeared in 1908, but she is best known by its successor, The Rosary (1909), which reached a circulation of close on a million copies and was translated into many languages. The combination of religious feeling and strong love interest which characterized most of her novels appealed to a very wide public, and she enjoyed for some years an immense popularity, the total circulation of her books exceeding 2,500,000. Later novels included The Mistress of Shenstone (1910), specially filmed in America; The Following of the Star (1911); The Broken Halo (1913); In Hoc Vince (1915); Returned Empty (1920). She died at Limpsfield March 10 1921.

 BARING, MAURICE (1874- ), English diplomat and man of letters, fourth son of the first Lord Revelstoke (see 3.401), was born in London April 27 1874. Educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, he entered the diplomatic service in 1898, but resigned in 1904. Taking to literature and journalism, he acted also at various times as a war correspondent for The Times and for the Morning Post; but he cultivated belles lettres for the most part, and his poems and essays soon gained high critical approval. During the World War he worked on the staff of the R.F.C. in France and also at home. In addition to various volumes of imaginative literature poems, parodies and critical essays he published several works on Russia, especially The Russian People (1911); What I Saw in Russia (1913); The Mainsprings of Russia (1914), etc. In 1920 he also published R.F.C. H.Q. 1914-18, an account of his experiences in France.

BARKER, SIR JOHN, 1ST BART. (1840-1914), British merchant, was born at Loose, near Maidstone April 5 1840. He was the son of Joseph Barker, a brewer, and founded the firm of John Barker & Co., Ltd., linen-drapers of Kensing- ton, having previously been associated with the fortunes of Whiteley's, Westbourne Grove. He entered the House of Com- mons for Maidstone in 1900 but was unseated on petition. From 1906-10 he represented Penrhyn and Falmouth. In 1908 he was created a baronet. He took great interest in agri- culture and did a good deal for horse-breeding. He died at Bishop's Stortford Dec. 16 1914.

BARNABY, SIR NATHANIEL (1829-1915), British naval architect, was born at Chatham in 1829, his father being a member of a family of shipwrights who for several generations had served in the royal dockyards. He was entered as an apprentice to his father's trade at the age of 14, and in 1848 won an Admiralty scholarship to the Portsmouth school of naval engineering, where he obtained distinction. He was appointed a draughtsman in the royal dockyard at Woolwich (1852), passing later to the constructive department at the Admiralty and becoming its head in 1870. Two years later he was appointed Chief Naval Architect, a title changed in 1875 to Director of Naval Construction. His work in that capacity is described in 24.894-5. On his retirement in 1885 he was created K.C.B. He died at Lewisham June 15 1915.

He wrote the articles NAVY and SHIPBUILDING for the E.B., 9th ed., and published Naval Development in the iQth Century (1902) and other works on naval construction, as well as Christmas 1892 in Connaught: a Study of the Irish Question (1893), and a collection of hymns, Songs by the Way.

BARNARD, GEORGE GREY (1863- ), American sculptor (see 3.410), finished the Pennsylvania State Capitol group in 1911, and the pediments of the New York Public Library in 1914. His bronze statue of Lincoln, heroic in size, was unveiled in Cincinnati in 1917, and was highly praised by many admirers of Lincoln (e.g. by Miss Tarbell, his biographer, and by Theo- dore Roosevelt), but was called a caricature by many art critics. Mr. Robert Lincoln, the hero's son, objected to the proposed setting-up of replicas in London and Paris, and the council of the National Academy of Design issued a formal protest. A replica was unveiled at Manchester, England, in 1919.

BARNES, GEORGE NICOLL (1859- ), British Labour politician, was born at Lochie, Scotland, Jan. 2 1859. For many years he worked as an engineer, and in 1892 was appointed assistant secretary of the Amalgamated Society of Engi- neers, becoming its general secretary in 1896. In 1903 he went with the Mosely educational commission to the United States. In 1895 he had unsuccessfully contested Rochdale, but in 1906 was elected as Labour member for the Blackfriars (now Gorbals) division of Glasgow, where he defeated Mr. Bonar Law. This seat he retained in the general elections of 1910 and 1918. On Mr. Lloyd George's accession to power in 1916, Mr. Barnes joined his ministry as Minister of Pensions, and the same year was sworn of the Privy Council, but in Aug. 1917 resigned his office in order to enter the War Cabinet as repre- sentative of Labour, succeeding Mr. Arthur Henderson. In 1918 when the Labour party left the Coalition Mr. Barnes continued in the Coalition Government as minister without portfolio. He attended the Peace Conference at Paris as a Labour representative, and afterwards attended the Interna- tional Labour Conference at Washington. He resigned in Jan. 1920 from the Cabinet.

BARNETT, JOHN FRANCIS (1837-1916), English musical composer (see 3.414), died in London Nov. 24 1916. BARNETT, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS (1844-1913), English divine and social reformer (see 3.414), died at Hove June 17 1913.

See Life by Mrs. Barnett (1919).

BARR, AMELIA EDITH (1831-1919), author, was born at Ulverston, Lanes., England, March 29 1831. She was edu- cated at the Glasgow, Scotland, high school. She married Robert Barr in 1850 and four years later they emigrated to Texas. Here, in 1867, she lost her husband and three sons through yellow fever. In 1869 she removed with her three daughters to New York where she wrote for the Christian Union and other periodicals. She continued to write unceas- ingly until 86 years of age, publishing altogether some 75 novels. She died in New York City, March 10 1919.

Her works include the following: Romance and Reality (1872); Jan Vedder's Wife (1885) ; A Bow of Orange RMon (1886) ; A Border Shepherdess (1887); Remember the Alamo (1891); Prisoners of Conscience (1897); Master of His Fate (1901); The Reconstructed Marriage (1910); Playing with Fire (1914); Measure of a Man (1915); The Winning of Lucia (1915); Profit and Loss (1916); Joan (1916); and An Orkney Maid (1917).

BARR, ROBERT (1850-1912), British novelist, was born at Glasgow Sept. 16 1850 and taken to Canada when four years old. He was educated at the Normal school, Toronto, and be- came headmaster of the public school of Windsor, Ont., until 1876, when he joined the editorial staff of the Detroit Free Press. He had an adventurous career as a journalist for five years, and in 1881 came to England. In 1892 he started the Idler together with Mr. Jerome K. Jerome. He published a number of novels and short stories, the best known being The Mutable Many (1897); Countess Tekla (1899) and The Sword Maker (1910). He died at Woldingham, Surrey, Oct. 21 1912.

BARRACKS AND HUTMENTS, GREAT BRITAIN (see 3427)- The earlier article brought the account of this branch of military administration up to about 1904. It showed the principles on which British barrack design was based (viz: on the " Barrack Synopsis " and Standard Plans) and the provision which had been authorized in such matters as the numbers in one room, provision of dining-rooms and baths and other sanitary services, in the British army at home and in India. It mentioned