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Rh Waters,” ''Videnskabs. Selskabets Shrifter No. 2'' (Kristiania 1915), contains oceanographical investigations in the Barents and Greenland seas.

 ARDILAUN, ARTHUR EDWARD GUINNESS, (1840–1915), Irish philanthropist and politician, was born at St. Anne's, Clontarf, Nov. 1 1840, the eldest son of Sir Benjamin Lee Guinness, 1st bart., head of the famous brewing firm of Guinness. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Dublin, and in 1868 succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father. He then became head of the firm of Guinness, but shortly afterwards retired. He entered Parliament in 1874 as Conservative member for the city of Dublin, holding the seat till 1880, when he was raised to the peerage. In 1891 he bought St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, and converted it into a charming park, which he presented to the city. He also bought up various blocks of slum dwellings and converted them into model tenements, with the object of improving the conditions of the poorer classes of Dublin. Lord Ardilaun, who married in 1871 Lady Olivia White, daughter of the 3rd Earl of Bantry, died at Clontarf Jan. 20 1915.

ARENSKY, ANTON STEPHANOVITCH (1861–1906), Russian musical composer, was born at Novgorod July 31 1861, and after studying with various teachers finally became a pupil of Rimsky-Korsakov at the conservatoire of St. Petersburg. In 1882 he became a professor at the Moscow conservatoire, and from 1894 to 1901 was director of music in the imperial chapel at St. Petersburg. His works consist largely of chamber music, including the well-known trio, besides several operas, the chief of which are Ttie Dream on the Volga (1890); Raphael (1894); and Nal and Damayanti (1899). He died at Terioki, Finland, Feb. 25 1906. ARGENTINA (see 2.460). The pop. of the republic in 1920, according to the calculation made by the Census Bureau, was 8,533,431. The latest census which had then been taken, that of 1914, gave the pop. at that time as 7,885,237, indicating an increase during 1914-9 of 648,194, or 8-2 %. The pop. of the political divisions was as follows:

Parana Corrientes Salta

36,089 28,681 28,436

The nationalities most largely represented in the pop., according to the census of 1914, were:

Argentines " 5,527,285

Italians. 929,863

Spaniards.

Russians

Uruguayans

French

Turks (mostly Syrians)

British

Germans

Swiss.

Portuguese.

829,701 93,634 86,428

79,491 64,639 27,692 26,995 14,345 H-I43

Lucerne (alfalfa)

Maize (Indian corn)

Oats.

Linseed

Barley.

Vines.

Peanuts

Cotton

Tobacco

Sugar-cane

Potatoes

1920 Calculation by

IQI4

Census Bureau

( National

Dec. 31 1920

Census

Federal Capital 1,676,041

1,575,814 783

Isla Martin Garcia

Provinces :

Buenos Aires 2,336,507

2,066,165

Santa Fe. . 1,007,512

899,640

Entre Rios

475,236

425,373

Corrientes

371,815

347,055

Cordoba.

805,940

735,472

San Luis.

I2 9,655

116,266

Santiago del Estero

298,110

261,678

Tucuman.

350,681

332,933

Mendoza.

3",740

277,535

San Juan.

131,179

119,252

La Rioja.

b

84,643

79.754

Catamarca

108,544

. Salta ....

146,903

140,927

Jujuy

76,506

76,631

Territories :

Chaco

.

52,258

46,274

Chubut 28,813

23,065

Formosa.

21,880

19,281

La Pampa

124,294

101,338

Los Andes

2,671

2,487

Misiones.

62,159

53,563

Nuequen. '.

33,574

28,866

Rio Negro

.

47,693

42,242

Santa Cruz

1 1 ,603

9,948

Tferra del Fuego

2,559

2,54

Total

8,698,516

The pop. of the chief cities, according to the latest statistics

available, was as follows:

Buenos Aires I

,668,072

Rosario

222,592

Cordoba

156,000

La Plata

105,000

Tucuman

91,216

Santa Fe

59,574

Mendoza

58,790

Bahia Blanca

44. 1 41

There were also about 15,000 Indians and 500 negroes then in Argentina.

Agricultural and Mineral Production. The total area under cultivation in Argentina was 20,367,082 hectares (50,330,096 ac.) in the season 1910-11 and 24,784,892 hectares (61,218,683 ac.) in the season 1917-8, an increase of 10,889,587 ac., or 21-6 %. The area under the principal crops for the season 1917-8 was:

Hectares.

Wheat. . . 7,234,000

8,052,805 3,527,000 1,295,000 1,308,600

244,355 116,145 26,725 H.775 10,725 93,3io 134-645

The development of cotton-growing in Argentina is especially noticeable, the area under cultivation having increased from 879 hectares in 1895 to 3,300 in 1914 and 11,775 f r the 1917-8 crop. The Government has devoted much time and money to its development and has sent young men to the United States to study cotton-growing. Exports of wheat totalled 2,996,408 tons in 1918, maize 664,683 tons, oats 542,097 tons and linseed 391, 382 tons, lack of shipping preventing greater exports. These figures may be compared with those for 1908 when 3,636,294 tons of wheat (more than ever before), 1,055,650 tons of linseed (also more than ever before), 1,711,804 tons of maize and 440,041 tons of oats were exported.

Argentina was in 1920 the world's largest exporter of linseed and maize (Indian corn), and third in exports of wheat, being only exceeded in the latter commodity by the United States and Canada. Her crop nearly equalled Canada's for several years preceding 1921. It has been estimated that approximately 80% of the soil of the republic is capable of yielding some form of economic return, but that only about a quarter of such land was in 1920 under any form of cultivation, while practically no part of Argentina is under intensive husbandry. Agricultural educa- tion in its various phases greatly progressed in Argentina during the 10 years 1910-20 under the guidance of Dr. Jose Leon Suarez in respect of national education and under such local leaders as Dr. Juan B. Teran at Tucuman in the provinces. The inaugura- tion of the university of Tucuman in May 1914 and the develop- ment of its instruction in the production of sugar, cotton and other products suited to northern Argentina has been of great benefit to a large section of the country.

In 1917 there were 860 creameries, 470 cheese factories, 27 butter factories and 689 " mixed " establishments, the export of cheese having increased greatly during the World War. There were 408 flour mills, capitalized at $36,933,659. Most of these were in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe and Cordoba. Exports of wheat flour increased from 118,486 tons in 1911 to 176,445 tons in 1918. Argentina produces approximately 350,000 bales annually of wool and there are 14 wool-washing establishments in the country. There were 29 breweries in 1914, and 4,663 establishments for the production of wine in 1917. The wine industry centres in the provinces of Mendoza and San Juan.