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 study of Der Mythus von Thôr nach nordischen Quellen (1836), and he formed a valuable collection of Alle hoh- und niederdeutsche Volkslieder, which appeared in 1844–1845. He died at Tübingen on the 13th of November 1862.

 UIGHUR, or, the name of a Turkish tribe and dynasty who came from the East and ruled in Kashgaria from the 10th to the 12th centuries. They used a variety of the Syriac alphabet. (See .)

 UIST, NORTH AND SOUTH, islands of the outer Hebrides, Inverness-shire, Scotland. North Uist lies S.W. of Harris (Long Island), from which it is separated about 8 m. by the Sound of Harris. The island measures 14 m. in length by 16 m. in greatest width, but the coasts are extremely indented. The highest point is Mt Eaval (1138 ft.). The principal sea-lochs are Loch Maddy and Loch Eport, both on the east. On the east coast the surface is mostly swampy moorland, but on the west there is some fertile soil. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in crofting, fishing and cattle-rearing. The principal village, Loch Maddy, is the centre of a large trade, and is a favourite resort of anglers, being a regular calling station for the steamers from Oban and Portree. The islands belonging to the parish of North Uist comprise—to the south-west Balleshare and Illeray (pop., 383), Kirkibost, Heisker (98), and the Monach group, with a lighthouse on Shillay; to the south, Grimisay (290) and Ronay; to the north-east, Levera; to the north, Boreray (118) and Vallay.

South Uist has a population (1901) of 3541, an extreme length of 22 m. and an extreme width of 8 m. Towards the north-east it becomes mountainous, the highest points being Buail’a Choill (2034), Ben More (1994) and Hecla (1988). The chief sea-lochs are Loch Boisdale, largely frequented by anglers, Loch Eynort and Loch Skiport on the east coast. On the east side the surface is mainly alluvial peat, broken by hills, but on the west there is a belt of productive land. Besides crofting, the inhabitants are engaged in the fisheries and cattle-raising. Steamers from Oban call regularly at the village of Loch Boisdale. The islands attached to the parish of South Uist include, to the south, Eriskay (pop., 3478), where Prince Charles landed on the 2nd of August 1745; to the north-east, Wiay; to the north, Grimisay, Fladda, just off the north-east shore of Benbecula, and Benbecula (pop., 1417), with an area of 40 sq. m., from which there is at low tide a ford to North and South Uist.

 UITENHAGE, a town of the Cape province, South Africa, in the valley of the Zwartkops river, 270 ft. above the sea, 21 m. by rail N.N.W. of Port Elizabeth. Pop. (1904), 12,193, of whom 6680 were whites. It was founded in 1804 by De Mist, the Batavian commissioner, who took over Cape Colony from the British in 1803. Many natives find employment in the mills along the Zwartkops, where vast quantities of wool from the sheep farms of the eastern part of the province are cleansed and forwarded for shipment at Port Elizabeth. Extensive railway works are established here. There are in addition large flower and fruit nurseries. The town is laid out in rectangular blocks, and contains a handsome town-hall, court-house and public offices.

 UJEST (Polish, Viast), a small town on the Klodnitz in Prussia, which gives the title of duke to the head of the family of Hohenlohe-Öhringen, a branch (1823) of that of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (see ). Prince Hugo of Hohenlohe-Öhringen was created duke of Ujest in 1861, and in 1897 was succeeded by his son Christian Kraft (b. 1848). The duke is an

hereditary member of the upper houses of Württemberg and Prussia.

 UJIJI, a town in German East Africa, also known as Kavele, situated on the eastern shores of Lake Tanganyika, in 4° 55′ S., 29° 40′ E. It is connected with Cape Town by an overland telegraph line. The population (about 14,000) is composed of Arabs and members of numerous Central African tribes. Ujiji is the meeting-point of merchants from all parts of Tanganyika, and the terminus of the caravan route from Dar-es-Salaam. Arabs from Zanzibar made Ujiji their headquarters during the first half of the 19th century, and it became a great slave and ivory mart. In 1858 Richard Burton and J. H. Speke reached Ujiji from Zanzibar, being the first Europeans to see Lake Tanganyika. In 1869 David Livingstone, coming from the south, arrived at Ujiji, and it was here that H. M. Stanley found him on the 28th of October 1871. In 1890 it came within the German sphere of influence. (See and .)

 UJJAIN, or, a city of central India, in the state of Gwalior, on the right bank of the river Sipra, with a station on the branch of the Rajputana railway from Ratlam to Bhopal. Pop. (1901) 39,892. Ujjain, known as Avanti in the Buddhist period and as Ozene to the Greeks, is one of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus and the traditional capital of King Vikramaditya, at whose court the “nine gems” of Sanskirt literature are said to have flourished. It marks the first meridian of longitude in Hindu geography. It is heard of first as the residence of Asoka (afterwards emperor), when viceroy of the western provinces. It was sacked by the Mahommedans in 1235. Under Akbar it became the capital of Malwa, and during the last half of the 18th century it was the headquarters of Sindhia. It contains few old buildings, though relics of antiquity are often found on the abandoned site of the old city. It is now a centre of the trade in Malwa opium, with a wealthy colony of Bohra merchants. The principal institutions are the Madhava College (called after the present Maharaja), two state hospitals, and a dispensary belonging to the Canadian Presbyterian mission. A great religious festival is held here every twelfth year.

 UJVIDÉK (German, Neusatz), a town of Hungary in the county of Bács-Bodrog, 171 m. S.S.E. of Budapest by rail. Pop. (1900), 28,763. It is situated on the left bank of the Danube near the terminus of the Franz-Josef canal. It is the seat of a Greek Orthodox bishop, and has become the literary and religious centre of the Servians in Hungary, especially since the foundation in 1864 of the Matica Srbska, or Servian Literary Society. The town was founded in the middle of the 18th century, and was almost totally destroyed during the revolution of 1848–49. On the opposite bank of the Danube, connected with Ujvidék by a railway bridge, lies Petervarad or Peterwardein.

<section end="Ujvidek" /> <section begin="Ukaz" />UKAZ, or (Russ., from ukazat, a shortened form of ukazlivat, to show, announce, prescribe), a term applied in Russia to an edict or ordinance, legislative or administrative, having the force of law. A ukaz proceeds either from the emperor or from the senate, which has the power of issuing such ordinances for the purpose of carrying out existing decrees. All such decrees are promulgated by the senate. A difference is drawn between the ukaz signed by the emperor’s hand and his verbal ukaz, or order, made upon a report submitted to him. (See : Constitution and Government.)

<section end="Ukaz" /> <section begin="Ukraine" />UKRAINE (“frontier”), the name formerly given to a district of European Russia, now comprising the governments of Kharkov, Kiev, Podolia and Poltava. The portion east of the Dnieper became Russian in 1686 and the portion west of that river in 1793.

<section end="Ukraine" /> <section begin="Ulan" />ULAN (formerly spelt ), originally a Polish cavalry soldier armed with a lance. These troops were light cavalry, and wore the national dress and czapka (or lancer cap). They were introduced into the Prussian service in 1740, but failed to distinguish themselves in the first Silesian War, and it was only after the treaty of Tilsit (1807) that Ulan regiments were again formed in the Prussian army. In the Austrian army a “Uhlanpulk” of Poles was formed in 1784 and ordinary Ulan regiments of Austrian cavalry in 1791. The Austrian Ulans no longer<section end="Ulan" />