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Rh in the latter class was the Lady’s Magazine (1792) of Philadelphia. The Lowell Offering (1841) was written by factory girls of (q.v.), Mass. Godey’s Lady’s Book was long popular, and the Ladies Home Journal (1883) and the Woman’s Home Companion (1893) are now current. Children’s magazines originated with the Young Misses' Magazine (1806) of Brooklyn; the New York St Nicholas (monthly) and the Boston Youth’s Companion (weekly) are prominent juveniles.

The total of American periodicals mentioned in the Guide by H. O. Severance and C. H. Walsh (1909, Ann Arbor), is 5136 for the year 1908.

—The eighth volume of the Tenth Report of the United States Census (1884) contains a statistical report on the newspaper and periodical press of America by S. N. D. North. See also Cucheval Clarigny, Histoire de la presse en Angleterre et aux États Unis (1857), H. Stevens, Catalogue of American Books in the Library of the British Museum (1866), and American Books with Tails to ’em (1873); I. Thomas, History of Printing in America (Albany, 1874), J. Nichol, American Literature (1882); “Check List of American Magazines,” in Library Journ., xiv. 373; G. P. Rowell & Co.’s American Newspaper Directory (New York); A. R. Spofford, Book for all Readers (1900); F. W. Faxon’s Check list of American and English Periodicals (Boston, 1908). Many American libraries co-operate in issuing joint or union lists of periodicals. See list of these as well as lists of special indexes in A. B. Kroeger’s Guide to Reference Books (2nd ed., Boston, 1908).

Indexes to Periodicals.—The contents of English and American periodicals of the last 100 years are indexed in the following publications: W. F. Poole’s Index to Periodical Literature (1802–1881, revised ed. Boston, 1891); 1st supplement, 1882–1887, by W. F. Poole and W. I. Fletcher, 1888; 2nd supplement, 1887–1892, by W. I. Fletcher, 1893; 3rd supplement, 1892–1896, by W. I. Fletcher and F. O. Poole, 1898, 4th supplement, 1897–1902, 1902; 5th supplement, 1902–1907, 1908; Poole’s Index, abridged edition, by W. I. Fletcher and M. Poole (Boston, 1901); 1st supplement, 1900–1904 (Boston, 1905), The Co-operative Index to Periodicals (1885–1894, ed. W. I. Fletcher, 1886–1894); The Annual Literary Index, including Periodicals, ed. by W. I. Fletcher and R. R. Bowker (New York, 10 vols., 1892–1907); “Index of Periodicals for 1890,” &c. (Review of Reviews), by Miss Hetherington (13 vols., 1891–1902); Q. P. Indexes; Cotgreave’s Contents Subject Index to General and Periodical Literature (1900), Cumulative Index to a Selected list of Periodicals, begun in the Cleveland Public Library in 1896 and 1897 by W. H. Brett, merged in 1903 with the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature (8 vols., 1901–1908, ed. by A. L. Guthrie, Minneapolis, U.S.); Magazine Subject Index, by F. W. Faxon (Boston, 1908), continued quarterly in Bulletin of Bibliography, which in 1907 began a magazine subject index; Eclectic Library Catalogue (Minneapolis, 1908), issued quarterly.

Canadian periodicals have reached a higher standard than in any other British self-governing colony. Like that of South Africa, the press is bi-lingual. The first Canadian review, the Quebec Magazine (1791–1793), was published quarterly in French and English. It was followed by the British American Register (Quebec, 1803), L'Abeille canadienne (Montreal, 1818), edited by H. Mezière, the Canadian Magazine (Montreal, 1823–1825), the Canadian Review (Montreal, 1824–1826), La Bibliothèque canadienne (Montreal, 1825–1830), continued as L'Observateur (1830–1831), and the Magasin du Bas-Canada (Montreal, 1832). The three latter were edited by Michel Bibaud. The Literary Garland (Montreal, 1838–1850), edited by John Gibson, was for some time the only English magazine published in Canada. Later magazines were L'Echo du cabinet du lecture paroissial (Montreal, 1859), 15 vols.; Le Foyer canadien (Quebec, 1863–1866), one of the most interesting French-Canadian reviews, La Revue canadienne, which was started at Montreal in 1864, and contained the best writings of contemporary French-Canadian littérateurs; La Revue de Montréal (1877–1881), edited by the abbé T. A. Chandonnet; the Canadian Journal (Toronto), commenced in 1852 under Henry Youle Hind and continued by Daniel Wilson; L'Abeille (Quebec, 1848–1881), and the Canadian Monthly (Toronto, 1872–1882). The Bystander (Toronto, 1880–1883), was edited by Goldwin Smith. Le Canada français (Quebec, 1888–1891), edited by the staff of the Laval University, and Canadiana (1889–1890), were important historical and literary reviews. Contemporary magazines are the Canadian Magazine (1893), the Westminster, both produced at Toronto, La Nouvelle-France (Quebec), the Canada Monthly (London, Ontario), and the University Magazine, edited by Professor Macphail, of the McGill University.

See H. Morgan, Bibliotheca canadensis (1867), “Canadian Magazines,” by G. Stewart, Canadian Monthly, vol. xvii; “Periodical Literature in Canada,” by J. M. Oxley, ''North Am. Rev.'' (1888); P. Gagnon, Essai de bibliographie canadienne (1895), and S. E. Dawson, Prose Writers of Canada (1901).

The earliest magazine was the South African Journal, issued by the poet Pringle and John Fairbairn in 1824 'It was followed by the South African Quarterly Journal (1820–1834), the Cape of Good Hope Literary Gazette (1830–1833), edited by A. J. Jardine, the Cape

of Good Hope Literary Magazine (1847–1848), edited by J. L. Fitzpatrick, and the Eastern Province Monthly Magazine, published at Grahamstown in 1857–1858. A Dutch periodical called Elpis, algemeen tijdschrift voor Zuid Afrika (1857–1861) appealed to the farming community. The Eastern Province Magazine was issued at Port Elizabeth in 1861–1862, and the South African Magazine appeared in 1867–1868. The Orange Free State Magazine, the only English magazine published at Bloemfontein, was issued in 1877–1878; and the E. P. Magazine was published at Grahamstown in 1892–1897. The Cape Monthly Magazine, the most important of the periodicals, was issued from 1857 to 1862, and was again continued under the editorship of Professor Noble from 1870 to 1881. The Cape Illustrated Magazine (1890–1899) was edited by Professor J. Gill. In Durban the Present Century was started in 1903, and the Natal Magazine was issued at Pietermaritzburg in 1877. The weekly New Era (1904–1905) was succeeded by the South African Magazine (1906–1907); both were edited by C. H. Crane. The African Monthly (Grahamstown, 1907) and the State of South Africa (Cape Town, 1909) are monthly reviews, while the South African Railway Magazine (1907) is of wider interest than its name denotes.

See S. Mendelssohn, South African Bibliography (2 vols., 1910), and P. E. Lewin, Catalogue of the Port Elizabeth Library (2 vols., 1906).

New South Wales.—The Australian Magazine was published monthly at Sydney in 1821–1822. This was followed by the South Asian Register (1827), the Australian Quarterly Journal (1828), edited by the Rev. P. N. Wilton, the New South Wales Magazine (1833), the New South Wales Literary, Political and Commercial Advertiser (1835), edited by the eccentric Dr Lhotsky, Tegg’s Monthly Magazine (1836), the Australian Magazine (1838), the New South Wales Magazine (1843), the Australian Penny Journal (1848) and many others. The Sydney University Magazine (1855), again published in 1878–1879, and continued as the Sydney University Review, is the first magazine of a high literary standard. The Sydney Magazine of Science and Art (1857) and the Month (1857) were short-lived. Of later magazines the Australian (1878–1881), Aurora australis (1868), and the Sydney Magazine (1878), were the most noteworthy. Of contemporary magazines Dalgety’s Review is mainly agricultural, the Australian Magazine (1909) and the Lone Hand (1907) are popular, and the Science of Man is an anthropological review.

See Australasian Bibliography (Sydney, 1893); G. B. Barton, Literature of N. S. W. (1866); E. A. Petherick, Catalogue of Books Relating to Australasia (1899).

Victoria.—The Port Phillip Magazine (1843) must be regarded as the first literary venture in Victoria. This was followed by the Australia Felix Magazine (1849), and the Australasian Quarterly Reprint (1850–1851) both published at Geelong, the Illustrated Australian Magazine (1850–1852), the Australian Gold-Digger’s Monthly Magazine (1852–1853), edited by James Bonwick, and the Melbourne Monthly Magazine (1855–1856). The Journal of Australasia (1856–1858), the Australian Monthly Magazine (1865–1867), which contained contributions from Marcus Clarke and was continued as the Colonial Monthly (1867–1869), the Melbourne Review (1876–1885) and the Victorian Review (1879–1886) may also be mentioned. The Imperial Review, apparently the work of one pen, has been published since 1879; the Pastoralists' Review appeals more especially to the agricultural community. A Library Record of Australasia was published in 1901–1902. An Australian edition of the Review of Reviews is published at Melbourne.

See “Some Magazines of Early Victoria,” in the Library Record of Australasia, Nos. 2-4 (1901).

South Australia.—The South Australian Magazine was issued monthly in 1841–1843, the Adelaide Magazine (1845), the Adelaide Miscellany (1848–1849), and the Wanderer in 1853. The South Australian Twopenny Magazine was published at Plymouth, England, in 1839, and the South Australian Miscellany and New Zealand Review at London in the same year.

See T. Gill, Bibliography of South Australia (1886).

Tasmania.—The first magazine was Murray’s Austral-Asiatic Review, published at Hobart in 1828. The Hobart Town Magazine appeared in 1833–1834, and the Van Diemen’s Land Monthly Magazine in 1835.

New Zealand.—The New Zealand Magazine, a quarterly, was published at Wellington in 1850. In 1857 appeared the New Zealand Quarterly Review, of little local interest, followed by Chapman’s New Zealand Monthly Magazine (1862), the Southern Monthly Magazine (1863), the Delphic Oracle (1866–1870), the Stoic (1871), the Dunedin Review (1885), the Literary Magazine (1885), the four latter being written by J. G. S. Grant, an eccentric genius, the Monthly Review (1888–1890), the New Zealand Illustrated Magazine (1899–1905), chiefly devoted to the light literature of New Zealand subjects, the Maori Record (1905–1907), and the Red Funnel, published since 1905.

See T. M. Hocken, Bibliography of New Zealand (1909).

In Jamaica the Columbian Magazine was founded at Kingston in 1796 and ceased publication in 1800. Two volumes were