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Rh of medicine, and an enrolment of 4570 students, of whom 2989 were in the college (412 in the school of arts; 987 in the Towne scientific school; 472 in the Wharton school, and 253 in the evening school of accounts and finance; 384 in courses for teachers; and 481 in the summer school), 353 in the graduate school, 327 in the department of law, 559 in the department of medicine, 385 in the department of dentistry, and 150 in the department of veterinary medicine.

Benjamin Franklin in 1749 published a pamphlet, entitled Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pensilvania, which led to the formation of a board of twenty-four trustees, nineteen of whom, on the 13th of November 1749, met for organization and to promote &ldquo;the Publick Academy in the City of Philadelphia,&rdquo; and elected Benjamin Franklin president of the board, an office which he held until 1756. So closely was Franklin identified with the plan that Matthew Arnold called the institution &ldquo;the University of Franklin.&rdquo; On the 1st of February 1750 there was conveyed to this board of trustees the &ldquo;New Building&rdquo; on Fourth Street, near Arch, which had been erected in 1740 for a charity school—a use to which it had not been put—and as a &ldquo;house of Publick Worship,&rdquo; in which George Whitefield had preached in November 1740; the original trustees (including Franklin) of the &ldquo;New Building&rdquo; and of its projected charity school date from 1740, and therefore the university attaches to its seal the words &ldquo;founded 1740.&rdquo; In the &ldquo;New Building&rdquo; the academy was opened on the 7th of January 1751, the city having voted £200 in the preceding August for the completion of the building. On the 16th of September 1751 a charitable school &ldquo;for the instruction of poor Children gratis in Reading, Writing, and Arithmetick&rdquo; was opened in the &ldquo;New Building.&rdquo; The proprietaries, Thomas and Richard Penn, incorporated &ldquo;The Trustees of the Academy and Charitable School in the Province of Pennsylvania&rdquo; in 1753; and in 1755 issued a confirmatory charter, changing the corporate name to &ldquo;The Trustees of the College, Academy and Charitable School,&rdquo; &c., whereupon William Smith (1727-1803) of the university of Aberdeen, who had become rector of the academy in 1732 and had taken orders in the Church of Englanc in 1753, became provost of the college. In 1756 Dr Smith established a complete and liberal curriculum which was adopted by Bishop James Madison in 1777 when he became president of the College of William and Mary. In 1757 the first college class graduated. Under Smith's control the Latin school grew in importance at the expense of the English school, to the great annoyance of Franklin. In 1762-1764 Dr Smith collected for the college in England about £6900; and in 1764 his influence had become so strong that it was feared that the college would become sectarian. The Penns and others deprecated this and the trustees bound themselves (1764) to &ldquo;use their utmost endeavours that. . . (the original plan) be not narrowed, nor the members of the Church of England, nor those dissenting rom them ... be put on any worse footing in this seminary than they were at the time of receiving the royal brief.&rdquo; From September 1777 to June 1778 college exercises were not held because Philadelphia was occupied by British troops. In 1779 the state legislature, on the ground that the trustees' declaration in 1764 was a &ldquo;narrowing of the foundation,&rdquo; confiscated the rights and property of the college and chartered a new corporation &ldquo;the Trustees of the University of the State of Pennsylvania&rdquo;; in 1789 the college was restored to its rights and property and Smith again became its provost; in 1791 the college and the university of the State of Pennsylvania were united under the title, &ldquo;the University of Pennsylvania,&rdquo; whose trustees were elected from their own members by the board of trustees of the college and that of the university. In 1802 the university purchased new grounds on Ninth Street, between Market and Chestnut, where the post office building now is; there until 1829 the university occupied the building erected for the administrative mansion of the president of the United States; there new buildings were erected after 1829; and from these the university removed to its present site in 1872.

The provosts have been: in 1755-1779 and in 1789-1803, William Smith; in 1779-1791, of the university of the state of Pennsylvania, John Ewing (1732-1802); in 1807-1810, John McDowell (1750-1820); in 1810-1813, John Andrews (1746-1813); in 1813-1828, Frederick Beasley (1777-1845); in 1828-1833, William Heathcote De Lancey (1797-1865); in 1834-1853, John Ludlow (1793-1857); in 1854-1859, Henry Vethake (1792-1866); in 1860-1868, Daniel Raynes Goodwin (1811-1890); in 1868-1880, Charles Janeway Stillé (1819-1899); in 1881-1894, William Pepper (1843-1898); in 1894-1910, Charles Custis Harrison (b. 1844), and in 1911 sqq. Edgar Fahs Smith (b. 1856).

PENNY (Mid. Eng. peni or peny, from O. Eng. form penig, earlier penning and pending; the word appears in Ger. Pfennig and Du. penning; it has been connected with Du. pand, Ger. Pfand, and Eng. &ldquo;pawn,&rdquo; the word meaning a little pledge or token, or with Ger. Pfanne, a pan), an English coin, equal in value to the one-twelfth of a shilling. It is one of the oldest of English coins, superseding the sceatta or sceat (see introduced into England by Offa, king of Mercia, who took as a model a coin first struck by Pippin, father of Charlemagne, about 735, which was known in Europe as novus denarius. Offa's penny was made of silver and weighed 22½ grains, 240 pennies weighing one Saxon pound (or Tower pound, as it was afterwards called), hence the term pennyweight (dwt.). In 1527 the Tower pound of 5400 grains was abolished, and the pound of 5760 grains adopted instead. The penny remained, with some few exceptions, the only coin issued in England until the introduction of the gold florin by Edward III. in 1343. It was not until the reign of Edward I. that halfpence and farthings became a regular part of the coinage, it having been usual to subdivide the penny for trade purposes by cutting it into halves and quarters, a practice said to have originated in the reign of Æthelred II. In 1257, in the reign of Henry III., a gold penny,
 * and
 * Anglo Saxon, &sect; &ldquo;Coins&rdquo;). It was