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 streams, the river Bann alone carries off its waters, flowing northward. The principal feeders are the Main on the north, the Crumlin (whose waters have petrifying powers) on the east, the Bann and Blackwater on the south, and the Ballinderry and Moyola on the west. Antrim and Toome, at the N.E. and N.W. respectively, are the only towns immediately on the shores. The islands are few and near the shores; namely, Skady Tower on the north, Ram’s Island (with a ruined round tower) on the east, Ready and Coney Islands on the southwest. The lough abounds in fish, including gillaroo trout, char and pullen or fresh-water herring. A tradition that the lough rose suddenly from a fountain, inundating a populous district, and that remains of buildings may be seen below the waters, finds place in Thomas Moore’s ballad Let Erin remember.

 NEAL, DANIEL (1678–1743), English historian, born in London on the 14th of December 1678, was educated at the Merchant Taylors’ School, and at the universities of Utrecht and Leiden. In 1704 he became assistant minister, and in 1706 sole minister, of an independent congregation worshipping in Aldersgate Street, and afterwards in Jewin Street, London, where he remained almost until his death on the 4th of April 1743. He married Elizabeth Lardner (d. 1748), by whom he had one son, Nathanael, and two daughters. In 1720 Neal published his History of New England, which obtained for its author the honorary degree of M.A. from Harvard college. He also undertook to assist Dr John Evans in writing a history of Nonconformity. Evans, however, died in 1730, and, making use of his papers for the period before 1640, Neal wrote the whole of the work himself. This History of the Puritans deals with the time between the Reformation and 1689; the first volume appearing in 1732, and the fourth and last in 1738. The first volume was attacked in 1733 for unfairness and inaccuracy by Isaac Maddox, afterwards bishop of St Asaph and of Worcester, to whom Neal replied in a pamphlet, A Review of the principal facts objected to in the first volume of the History of the Puritans; and the remaining volumes by Zachary Grey (1688–1766), to whom the author made no reply.

NEAL, DAVID DALHOFF (1838–), American artist, was born at Lowell, Massachusetts, on the 20th of October 1838. He was a pupil of the Royal Academy, Munich, under Max. E. Ainmiller, whose daughter he subsequently married. Later he entered the studio of Piloty, with whom he remained from 1869 to 1876. His picture, “The First Meeting of Mary Stuart and Rizzio,” won for him the great medal of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Art. Besides portraits his canvases include “James Watt,” a large historical composition shown at the Royal Academy, 1874, “Chapel of the Kings at Westminster” (collection of F. Cutting, Boston) and “Cromwell visiting Milton” (Hurlbut collection, Cleveland, Ohio).

NEALE, EDWARD VANSITTART (1810–1892), English co-operator and Christian Socialist, was born at Bath on the 2nd of April 1810, the son of a Buckinghamshire clergyman. After receiving his earlier education at home he went to Oriel College, Oxford. In 1837 he was called to the bar at Lincoln’s Inn. He became a member of the Christian Socialists in 1850 and also joined the council of the Society for Promoting Working Men’s Associations. His wealth enabled him to carry out experiments in co-operation on a larger scale than had been previously attempted. He founded the first co-operative store in London, and advanced the capital for two builders’ associations, both of which failed. In 1851, though strongly opposed by other members of the promoting “Council,” he started on his own initiative the Central Co-operative Agency, similar in many respects to the Co-operative Wholesale Society of a later day. The failure of this scheme, together with that of the operatives cause in the engineering lock-out of 1852 is said to have cost him £40,000. It is certain that until in later life he inherited the estate of Bisham Abbey in Berkshire he was, comparatively speaking, a poor man. He was closely associated with the movement which resulted in the Industrial and Provident Societies Act of 1876, and the passing of the Consolidation Act of 1862 was almost entirely due to his efforts. Besides publishing pamphlets on co-operation he served on the executive committee which afterwards developed into the Central Co-operative Board, and took an active part in the formation of the North of England Co-operative Wholesale Society in 1863. One of the founders of the Cobden mills in 1866, and the Agricultural and Horticultural Association in 1867, he also promoted the annual co-operative congress, afterwards becoming general secretary of the Central Board. He was also a director of the Co-operative Insurance Company and a member of the Co-operative Newspaper Society for many years. He visited America in 1875 with a deputation whose object was to open up a direct trade between the farmers of the western states and the English co-operative stores. After resigning the post of secretary to the congress board in 1891, he became a member of the Oxford University branch of the Christian Social Union. He died on the 16th of September 1892.

NEALE, JOHN MASON (1818–1866), English divine and scholar, was born in London on the 24th of January 1818, and was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. Here he was affected by the Oxford movement, and helped to found the Camden (afterwards the Ecclesiological) Society. Though he took orders in 1841, ill-health prevented his settling in England till 1846, when he became warden of Sackville College, an almshouse at East Grinstead, an appointment which he held till his death on the 6th of August 1866.

Neale was strongly high-church in his sympathies, and had to endure a good deal of opposition, including a, fourteen years’ inhibition by his bishop. In 1855 he founded a nursing sisterhood named St Margaret’s. He occupies a high place as a hymnologist, but principally as a translator of ancient and medieval hymns, the best known being probably “Brief life is here our portion,” “To thee, O dear, dear country,” and “Jerusalem, the golden,” which are included in the poem of Bernard of Cluny, De Contemptu Mundi, translated by him in full. He also published An Introduction to the History of the Holy Eastern Church (1850, 2 vols.); History of the so-called Jansenist Church of Holland (1858); Essays on Liturgiology and Church History (1863); and many other works.

NEAMTZU (Neamtu), a town in Rumania, situated among the lower slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, and on the left bank of the river Neamtzu, an affluent of the Moldova. Pop. (1900) 8578, about half being Jews. Neamtzu gives its name to the Department of which Piatra is the capital. Lying 15 m. S. by E. of Falticheni, the nearest railway station, it has little trade. Near it is the ruined fortress of Neamtzu, constructed early in the 13th century by the Teutonic knights of Andrew II., king of Hungary, in order to repel the incursions of the Cumanians. An hour’s drive to the west of the town is the monastery of Neamtzu, founded in the 14th century, and containing two churches and many ancient and interesting relics. Before the secularization of the monastic lands in 1864, it was one of the richest and most important of the Rumanian monasteries. Baltzatesti, 10 m. W. by S. of Neamtzu, is locally famous for its mineral springs and baths.

NEANDER, JOACHIM (1650–1680), German hymn writer, was born at Bremen. The family name, originally Neumann, had, according to the prevailing fashion a century earlier, been Graecized as Neander. After studying at Heidelberg and Frankfort, where he formed friendships with Friedrich Spanheim (1632–1701) and Philipp Jakob Spener (1635–1705), he settled at Düsseldorf as rector of the Latin school in Connexion with the Reformed Church. In 1676 he incurred church censure for abstaining and inducing others to abstain from joining in the celebration of the communion. It was during the term of