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 and Unio margaritiferus belong to the order Eulamellibranchia of Lamellibranch Molluscs, in which the anterior and posterior adductor muscles are equally developed. An account of the anatomy of Anodon is given in the article. Unio differs in no important point from Anodonta in internal structure. The family Unionidae, to which these genera belong, is of world-wide distribution, and its species occur only in ponds and rivers. A vast number of species arranged in several genera and sub-genera have been distinguished, but in the British Islands the three species above named are the only claimants to the title of “fresh-water mussel.”

 MUSSELBURGH, a municipal and police burgh of Midlothian, Scotland, 5 m. E. of Edinburgh by the North British railway. Pop. (1901), 11,711. The burgh, which stretches for a mile along the south shore of the Firth of Forth, is intersected by the Esk and embraces the village of Fisherrow on the left bank of the river. Its original name is said to have been Eskmouth, its present one being derived from a bed of mussels at the mouth of the river. While preserving most of the ancient features of its High Street, the town has tended to become a suburb of the capital, its fine beach and golf course hastening this development. The public buildings include the town-hall (dating from 1762 and altered in 1876), the tolbooth (1590), and the grammar school. Loretto School, one of the foremost public schools in Scotland, occupies the site of the chapel of Our Lady of Loretto, which was founded in 1534 by Thomas Duthie, a hermit from Mt Sinai. This was the favourite shrine of Mary of Guise, who betook herself hither at momentous crises in her history. The 1st earl of Hertford destroyed it in 1544, and after it was rebuilt the Reformers demolished it again, some of its stones being used in erecting the tolbooth. In the west end of the town is Pinkie House, formerly a seat of the abbot of Dunfermline, but transformed in 1613 by Lord Seton. It is a fine example of a Jacobean mansion, with a beautiful fountain in the middle of the court-yard. The painted gallery, with an elaborate ceiling, 100 ft. long, was utilized as a hospital after the battle of Pinkie in 1547. Prince Charles Edward slept in it the night following the fight at Prestonpans (1745). Near the tolbooth stands the market cross, a stone column with a unicorn on the top supporting the burgh arms. At the west end of High Street is a statue of David Macbeth Moir (“Delta,” 1798–1851), Musselburgh’s most famous son. The antiquity of the town is placed beyond doubt by the Roman bridge across the Esk and the Roman remains found in its vicinity. The chief bridge, which carries the high road from Edinburgh to Berwick, was built by John Rennie in 1807. The principal industries include paper-making, brewing, the making of nets and twine, bricks, tiles and pottery, tanning and oil-refining, besides saltworks and seed-crushing works. The fishery is confined to Fisherrow, where there is a good harbour. The Links are the scene every year of the Edinburgh race meetings and of those of the Royal Caledonian Hunt which are held every third year. Archery contests also take place at intervals under the auspices of the Royal Company of Archers. Most of the charitable institutions—for instance, the convalescent home, fever hospital, home for girls and Red House home—are situated at Inveresk, about 1 m. up the Esk. About 1 m. south-east is the site of the battle of Pinkie, and 2 m. south-east, on the verge of Haddingtonshire, is Carberry Hill, where Mary surrendered to the, lords of the. Congregation in 1567, the spot being still known as. Queen Mary’s Mount. Musselburgh joins with Leith and Portobello (the Leith Burghs) in returning one member to parliament.

 MUSSET, LOUIS CHARLES ALFRED DE (1810–1857), French poet, play-writer and novelist, was born on the 11th of December 1810 in a house in the middle of old Paris, near the Hôtel Cluny. His father, Victor de Musset, who traced his descent back as far as 1140, held several ministerial posts of importance. He brought out an edition of J. J. Rousseau’s works in 1821, and followed it. soon after with a volume on the Genevan’s life and writing. In Alfred de Musset’s childhood there were various things which fostered his imaginative power. He and his brother Paul (born 1804, died 1880), who afterwards wrote a biography of Alfred, delighted in reading old romances together, and in assuming the characters of the heroes in those romances.. But it was not until about 1826 that Musset gave any definite sign of the mental force which afterwards distinguished him. In the summer of 1827 he won the second prize (at the Collège Henri IV.) by an essay on “The Origin of our Feelings.” In 1828, when Eugene Scribe, Joseph Duveyrier, who under the name of Mélesville, was a prolific playwriter and sometimes collaborator with Scribe, and others of note were in the habit of coming to Mme de Musset’s house at Auteuil, where drawing-room plays and charades were constantly given, Musset, excited by this companionship, Wrote his first poem. This, to judge from the extracts preserved, was neither better nor worse than much other work of clever boys who may or may not afterwards turn out to be possessed of genius. He took up the study of law, threw it over for that of medicine, which he could not endure, and ended by adopting no set profession. Shortly after his first attempt in verse he was taken by Paul Foucher. to Victor Hugo’s house, where he met such men as Alfred de Vigny, Prosper Mérimée, Charles Nodier and Sainte-Beuve. It was under Hugo’s influence, no doubt, that he composed a play. The scene was laid in Spain, and some lines, showing a marked advance upon his first effort, are preserved. In 1828, when the war between the classical and the romantic school of literature was growing daily more serious and exciting, Musset had published some verses in a country newspaper, and boldly recited some of his work to Sainte-Beuve, who wrote of it to a friend, “There is amongst us a boy full of genius.” At eighteen years old Musset produced a translation, with additions of his own, of De Quincey’s “Opium-Eater.” This was published by Marne, attracted no attention, and has been long out of print. His first original volume was published in 1829 under the name of Contes d’Éspagne et d’Italie, had an immediate and striking success, provoked bitter opposition, and produced many unworthy imitations. This volume contained, along with far better and more important things, a fantastic parody in verse on certain productions of the romantic school, which made a deal of noise at the time. This was the famous “Ballade à la lune” with its recurring comparison of the moon shining above a steeple to the dot over an i. It was, to Musset’s delight, taken quite seriously by many worthy; folk.

In December 1830 Musset was just twenty years old, and was already conscious of that curious double existence within him so frequently symbolized in his plays—in Octave and Célio for instance (in Les Caprices de Marianne), who also stand for the two camps, the men of matter and the men of feeling which he has elsewhere described as characteristic of his