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Rh simply plain chamfered, and more commonly have a flat hollow on each side. In larger buildings there is often a bead or bowtel on the edge, and often a single small column with a capital; these are more frequent in foreign work than in English. Instead of the bowtel they often finish with a sort of double ogee. As tracery grew richer, the windows were divided by a larger order of mullion, between which came a lesser or subordinate set of mullions, which ran into each other. MÜLLNER, AMANDUS GOTTFRIED ADOLF (1774–1829), German dramatic poet, nephew of , (q.v.), was born at Langendorf near Weissenfels on the 18th of October 1774. After studying law at Leipzig he established himself as advocate at Weissenfels and made his début as an author with the novel Incest, oder der Schutzgeist von Avignon (1799). He next wrote a few comedies for an amateur theatre in Weissenfels; these were followed by more pretentious pieces: Der angolische Kater (1809) and Der Blitz (1814, publ. 1818), after French models. With his tragedies, however, Der neun-und-zwanzigste Februar (1812), and especially Die Schuld (1813, publ. 1816), Müllner became the representative of the so-called Schicksalsdramatiker, and for several years “fate-tragedies” on the model of Die Schuld dominated the German stage. His later plays, König Yngurd (1817) and Die Albaneserin (1820), were less important. Notwithstanding his literary success, Müllner did not neglect his profession, and was given the title of Hofrat; he also edited various journals, and had a reputation as a vigorous if somewhat acrimonious critic He died at Weissenfels on the 11th of June 1829.

MULOCK, SIR WILLIAM (1843–), Canadian statesman and jurist, was born at Bond Head, Ontario, on the 19th of January 1843, the son of T. H. Mulock, M.D. From 1882 to 1905 he was a prominent member of the Liberal party in the Federal house; postmaster-general from 1896 to 1905, and minister of labour from 1900 to 1905. He introduced many improvements into the Canadian postal service, and in 1898 in face of much opposition induced the Inter-Imperial Postal Conference to adopt the principle of penny postage within the British Empire. In 1905 he resigned office, and was appointed chief justice of the exchequer division of the High Court of the province of Ontario. From 1881 to 1900 he was vice-chancellor of the university of Toronto, and was largely responsible for the success of the movement leading to the federation between that body and the Victoria University (Methodist).

MULREADY, WILLIAM (1786–1863), English subject painter, was born at Ennis, Co. Clare, on the 30th of April 1786. When he was about five years old his father, a leather-breeches maker by trade, removed to London, where the son received a tolerable education, chiefly under Catholic priests. He was fond of reading, and fonder still of drawing. When eleven years old Mulready was employed by an artist named Graham as the model for a figure in his picture of “Solomon Blessed by his Father David.” The painter’s interest in the lad did much to confirm his artistic proclivities; and, having studied at home for two years, Mulready applied for advice to Banks the sculptor, who sent him to a drawing school and permitted him to work in his own studio. In 1800 he was admitted a student of the Academy, and two years later he gained the silver palette of the Society of Arts. About this time he was associated with John Varley, the eccentric water-colour painter and drawing-master, whom he assisted in the tuition of his pupils, who included Cox, Fielding, Linnell, William Hunt, and Turner of Oxford. At eighteen he married a sister of Varley’s, and at twenty-four he was the father of four sons. The marriage was unhappy, and the pair separated before many years. He “tried his hand at everything,” as he said, “from a miniature to a panorama.” He painted portraits, taught drawing, and up till 1809 designed illustrations to a series of children’s penny books. His first pictures were classical and religious subjects of no great merit, and the early works which he sent to the Academy were mainly landscapes; but he soon discovered his special aptitude for genre-painting, and in 1809 produced the “Carpenter’s Shop,” and in 1811 the “Barber’s Shop,” pictures influenced by the example of Wilkie and the Dutch painters. In 1813 he exhibited his “Punch,” a more original and spontaneous work, which brought the artist into notice, and two years later his “Idle Boys” procured his election as associate. Next year he received full academic honours, and the election was justified by the “Fight Interrupted” which he then exhibited. It was followed by the “Wolf and the Lamb” (1820), the “Convalescent” (1822), “Interior of an English Cottage” (1828), “Dogs of Two Minds” (1830), the “Seven Ages” (1838), and in 1839 and 1840 by the “Sonnet and First Love,” two of the most perfect and poetical of the artist’s works. In 1840 he designed an allegorically covered postal envelope (the “Mulready envelope,” soon discontinued ) for Rowland Hill, and a set of illustrations to The Vicar of Wakefield, which were succeeded by his paintings of the “Whistonian Controversy” (1844), “Choosing the Wedding Gown” (1846), and “Sophia and Burchell Haymaking” (1849). His later works, like the “Bathers” (1849), “Mother teaching her Children” (1859), and the “Toy Seller” (1862), show declining powers, mainly attributable to failing health. The last evening of his life was spent at a meeting of the Academy, of which, for nearly fifty years, he had been a most active and efficient member. He died of heart disease on the 7th of July 1863.

MULTAN, or, a city, district and division of British India, in the Punjab. The city is 4 m. from the left bank of the Chenab, near the ancient confluence of the Ravi with that river. It has a station on the North-Western railway. Pop. (1901), 87,394. The city is enclosed on three sides by a wall, but open towards the south, where the dry bed of the old Ravi intervenes between the houses and citadel. Large and irregular suburbs have grown up outside the wall since the annexation in 1849. Within the city proper, narrow and tortuous streets, often ending in enls de sac, fill almost the whole space; but one broad bazaar runs from end to end. The principal buildings include the shrines of two Mahommedan saints and the remains of an ancient Hindu temple. The cantonments form the headquarters of a brigade in the 3rd division of the northern army. Multan has manufactures of carpets, silk and cotton goods, shoes, glazed pottery and enamel work, and an annual horse fair. It is moreover one of the most important trade-centres in the Punjab. It is a station of the Church Missionary Society.

The occupies the lower angle of the Bari Doab, or tract between the Sutlej and the Chenab, with an extension across the Ravi. Area, 6107 sq. m. The population in 1901 was 710,626, showing an increase of 11·7% in the preceding decade, due to the extension of irrigation. The principal crops are wheat, millets, pulse, oil-seeds, cotton and indigo. There are factories for ginning and pressing cotton. Indigo is made only by native processes. Irrigation is largely conducted by inundation channels from the boundary rivers, but the centre of the district is barren. The district is traversed by the main line of the North-Western railway from Lahore,