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the sky. This teaches you to observe trees as a whole, and also impresses upon you the varied silhouette of each type of tree.

Before we embark on the subject of landscape&mdash;for our horizon is broadening rapidly&mdash;we might spend a few moments discussing the sketching of ruined castles and old houses, which so often form an excuse for an excursion or a picnic, and of which we usually desire to carry home some little momento in the shape of a sketch.

Do not attempt complicated subjects.

If the ruin is large and there are many turrets, many towers, flights of steps, and long passages, choose a modest fragment.

An angle of a wall against which twist the bony stems of ivy, one little window framing a patch of blue sky, a morsel of broken masrony, or a few steps&mdash;any of these will give you the materials you need.