Page:Dr. Esperanto's International Language. Introduction and complete grammar. Por angloj. Warsaw, 1889.pdf/42

  kost'    - to cost

kovr'   - to cover

kraĉ'   - to spit

krajon'   - a pencil, a crayon

kravat'   - a cravat, neckcloth

kre'   - to create

kred'   - to believe

kresk'   - to grow, to wax

kret'   - chalk

kri'   - to cry

kron'   - a crown, a garland

kruc'   - a cross

kudr'   - to sew

kuir'   - to cook

kuler'   - a spoon

kulp'   - culpable, guilty

kun   - with

kun'e   - together

kupr'   - copper

kur'   - to run

kurac'   - to cure, heal

kuraĝ'   - courageous, resolute, bold

kurten'    - curtain

kusen'   - a cushion

kuŝ'   - to lie; (e.g. in bed)

kutim'   - to accustom one’s self to

kuz'   - a cousin

kvankam   - though, although

kvar   - four

kvin   - five

L

l’ 

la   - the

labor'   - to labor, to work

lac'   - weary, tired

lakt'   - milk

lam'   - lame

lamp'   - lamp

land'   - land, country

lang'   - the tongue

lantern'   - a lantern

larĝ'   - large, broad

larm'   - a tear

las'   - to let, to permit, to allow, to leave

last'   - last, latest

laŭ   - in conformity with, conformably, according to

laŭd'   - to praise, to commend

laŭt'   - aloud, loudly

lav'   - to wash

lecion'   - a lesson

leg'   - to read

leĝ'   - law

leon'   - a lion

lern'   - to learn

lert'   - dexterous, skilful

leter'   - letter, epistle

lev'   - to lift (up), to raise

li   - he

liber'   - free

libr'   - a book

lig'   - to bind

lign'   - wood

lingv'   - speech, language, tongue

lip'   - lip

lit'   - bed

liter'   - a letter (of the Alphabet), a type

loĝ'   - to dwell, to lodge

lok'   - place, spot

long'   - long

lud'   - to play

lum'   - to light, to shine

lun'   - the moon

lund'   - Monday

M

maĉ'   - to chew

magazen'   - store, a shop

makul'   - a spot, a speck

mal'   - indicates opposites; e.g. bon'    - good , mal'bon'    - bad  , estim'    - to esteem  , mal'estim'    - to despise, to disdain  , alt'    - high   , mal'alt'    - low

malgraŭ   - in spite of, notwithstanding

man'   - hand

manĝ'   - to eat

mar'   - the sea

mard'   - Tuesday

mastr'   - master

maten'   - the morning

matur'   - ripe, mature

mem   - self

memor'   - to remember, to keep in mind

merit'   - to merit, to deserve

merkred'   - Wednesday

met'   - to put

mez'   - the middle

mezur'   - to measure

mi   - I

miks'   - to mix, to mingle

mil'   - thousand

milit'   - war

mir'   - to be astonished, to wonder

mizer'   - misery, poverty, wretchedness

moder'   - moderate, temperate

modest'   - modest

mol'   - soft, tender

mon'   - money

monat'   - month

mond'   - the world

mont'   - mountain

montr'   - to show

mord'   - to bite

morgaŭ   - to-morrow

mort'   - to die

moŝt'   - highness, majesty etc (is generally added to titles) e.g. Vi'a reĝ'a moŝt'o    - your (Royal) Majesty;  , Vi'a general'a moŝt'o    , Vi'a episkop'a moŝt'o etc. 

mov'   - to move, to stir (up)

mult'   - much

mur'   - wall

murmur'   - to murmur

muŝ'   - a fly

N

n   - indicates the objective (accusative) case; also direction; e.g.

mi ir'as dom'o'n    - I am going home

naĝ'   - to swim

najbar'   - neighbour

nask'   - to bear a child, to bring forth, to give birth to

naŭ   - nine

naz'   - nez

ne   - no, not

nebul'   - mist, fog

neces'   - indispensable, necessary

neĝ'   - snow

nek—nek   - neither—nor

nenia   - not any

neniam (nenian)   - never

nenie   - nowhere

neniel   - by no means, in no wise

nenies   - nobody's

nenio   - nothing

neniu   - nobody, no one

nep'   - grand child

nev'   - a nephew

ni   - we

nigr'   - black

nj'   - added to the first 2-5 letters of a  feminine proper name makes it a diminutive, caressing; e. g. Mari'    - Ma'nj , Emili'    - Emi'nj

nobl'   - noble

nokt'   - night

nom'   - name

nombr'   - number

nov'   - new

nub'   - cloud

nud'   - naked

nuks'   - nut

nun   - now

nur   - only

nutr'   - to nourish, to nurse (a child)

O

o   - indicates a substantive (nouns)

obe'   - to obey

objekt'   - an object

obl'   - indicates a numeral in multiplicative from; e. g. du    - two  , du'obl'    - twofold, double, of two different sorts

obstin'   - obstinate, stubborn

odor'   - to exhale fragrance, to smell

ofend'   - to offend, to wrong

ofer'   - offer

oft'   - often

ok   - eight

okaz'   - to happen

okul'   - eye

okup'   - to occupy

ol   - than, as

ole'   - oil

ombr'   - shadow, shade

ombrel'   - parasol, umbrella

on'   - makes fractions out of numerals; e. g.  kvar    - four  , kvrar'on'    - fourth part

ond'   - the wave

oni   - (pron. indef. plur.) one,  they, people, man

onkl'   - uncle

ont'   - indicates the future participle (active)

op   - indicates collective numerales; e.g. du    - two , du'op    - together

oportun'   - opportune, convenient

or'   - gold

ord'   - order

ordinar'   - ordinary, common, usual

ordon'   - to order, to command

orel'   - the ear

os   - indicates the future

ost'   - a bone

ot'   - indicates the future participle (passive)

ov'   - an egg

P

pac'   - peace

paf'   - to shoot

pag'   - to pay

paĝ'   - a page

pajl'   - straw

pal'   - pale

palac'   - a palace

palp'   - to feel, to handle gently

palpebr'   - eyelid

pan'   - bread

pantalon'   - trousers

paper'   - paper

pardon'   - to pardon, to forgive

parenc'   - relation

parker'   - by heart, by memory

parol'   - to speak, to talk

part'   - part, portion, share

pas'   - to pass, to go by

pastr'   - priest, clergyman

paŝ'   - to step, to stride

patr'   - father

patr'uj   - fatherland

pec'   - a morsel

pel'   - to pursue, to chase

pen'   - to endeavour, to do one's best

pend'   - to hang

pens'   - to think

pentr'   - to draw

per   - through, by, by means of

perd'   - to lose

permes'   - to permit, to allow

pes'   - to weigh (some-one or something) (vb.act.)

pet'   - to pray, to beg

pez'   - weigh (some number of pounds) (vb. neut.)

pi'   - pious

pied'   - foot

pik'   - to prick, to sting

pilk'   - a ball (to play with)

pingl'   - a pin

pir'   - a pear

plac'   - a place, a square

plaĉ'   - to please

plafon'   - ceiling

plank'   - floor (of a room)

plej   - most (adv.)

plen'   - full

plend'   - to complain

plezur'   - pleasure

pli    - more

plor'   - to weep, to shed tears

plum'   - pen, feather

pluv'   - rain

po   - forms distributive numerals; e.g.

kvin   - five

po kvin   - five apiece

polv'   - dust

pom'   - apple

pont'   - a bridge

popol'   - people, nation

por'   - for

pord'   - door

pork'   - swine, pig, hog

port'   - to carry, to wear

post   - after (prep.)

postul'   - to require, to call for

poŝ'   - a pocket

poŝt'   - post, post-office

pot'   - a pot

pov'   - to be able, can

prav'   - being right

preĝ'   - to pray, to say prayers

prem'   - to press, to oppress

pren'   - to take

prepar'   - to prepare

pres'   - to print

preskaŭ   - almost, nearly

pret'   - ready

prezent'   - to present, to represent, to introduce

pri   - considering, on, of, about

printemp'   - the spring

pro   - for the sake of

profund'   - deep, profound

proksim'   - (adj) near ,nigh

promen'   - to walk, to take a walk

promes'   - to promise

propon'   - to propose

propr'   - one's own

prov'   - to try, to essay

prudent'   - prudent, reasonable

prunt'   - to borrow, to lend

pulv'   - gun-powder

pulvor'   - powder

pun'   - to punish

pup'   - a doll

pur'   - pure, clean

puŝ'   - to push

putr'   - to rot, to putrify, to grow putrid

R

rad'   - a wheel

radi'   - a ray, a beam, a spoke of a wheel

radik'   - root

rakont'   - to relate, to tell

ramp'   - to creep, to crawl

rand'   - the bank, shore, edge, border

rapid'   - rapid, swift

raz'   - to shave

re'   - again, back, re-

reg'   - to reign, to govern

regn'   - kingdom, realm

regul'   - a rule

reĝ'   - a king

rekompenc'   - to recompense, to reward

rekt'   - straight

renkont'   - to meet (with)

renvers'   - to overthrow, to pull down

respond'   - to answer

rest   - to remain

ricev'   - to receive

riĉ'   - rich

rid'   - to laugh

rigard'   - to look at, regard

ring'   - a ring

ripet'   - to repeat

ripoz'   - to repose, to take rest

river'   - a river

romp'   - to break

rond'   - circle

rost'   - to fry, to roast

roz'    - a rose

ruĝ'    - red

S

sabat'   - Saturday

sabl'   - sand

saĝ'   - wise, sage

sak'   - a sack, a bag

sal'   - salt

salt'   - to spring, to jump

salut'   - to salute, to hail

sam'   - same

san'   - sound, sane, healthy

sang'   - blood

sankt'   - holy, sacred

sap'   - soap

sat'   - satiat, full

sav'   - to save

sci'   - to know

se   - if

sed   - but

seĝ'   - a chair, a seat

sek'   - dry

sem'   - to sow

semajn'   - a week

sen   - without

senc'   - sense, meaning

send'   - to send

sent'   - to feel, perceive

sep   - seven

serĉ'   - to look for, to search

serpent'   - serpent, snake

serur'   - to lock

serv'   - to serve

ses   - six

sever'   - severe, sharp

si   - one's self, himself, themselves etc.

sid'   - to sit

sigel'   - to seal

sign'   - a sign

signif'   - to signify, to mean

silent'   - to be silent

simil'   - resembling, similar, like

simpl'   - simple, common

sinjor'   - lord, master

skrib'   - write

sku'   - to shake, to jog

sobr'   - sober

societ'   - society

soif'   - to be thirsty

sol'   - sole, only, unique

somer'   - summer

son'   - to sound

sonĝ'   - to dream

sonor'   - to buzz, to hum

sort'   - lot, chance, destiny, fate

sovaĝ'   - savage, wild

spec'   - a species, kind

spegul'   - mirror, looking-glass

spir'   - to respire, to breathe

spirit'   - witty

stal'   - stable, stall

star'   - to stand

stel'   - star

stomak'   - stomach

strat'   - a street

sub   - under, beneath

subit'   - sudden

suĉ'   - to suck

sufer'   - to suffer

sufiĉ'   - sufficiently, enough

suk'   - the juice

suker'   - sugar

sun'   - sun

sup'   - soup

super   - above (prep.)

supr'   - above (adj.), at the top

sur   - on, upon

surd'   - deaf (adj.)

surtut'   - coat

Ŝ

ŝajn'   - to seem, appear

ŝancel'   - to totter, to stagger

ŝanĝ'   - to change

ŝaŭm'   - foam, scum

ŝel'   - shell

ŝerc'   - to jest, joke

ŝi   - she

ŝip'   - ship

ŝir'   - to tear

ŝlos'   - lock

ŝmir'   - to smear, to spread

ŝnur'   - a rope, a string, a cord

ŝpar'   - to spare

ŝpruc'   - to spout, to sprinkle

ŝrank'   - cupboard, clothespress

ŝtal'   - steel

ŝtel'   - to steal

ŝtof'   - stuff

ŝton'   - stone

ŝtop'   - to stop, to cork

ŝtrump'   - stocking

ŝtup'   - step

ŝtup'ar'   - staircase, stairs, ladder

ŝu'   - shoe

ŝuld'   - to owe, to be in debted

ŝut'   - to empty out (corn etc.)

ŝvel'   - to swell

ŝvit'   - to sweat

T

tabl'   - table

tabul'   - a board

tag'   - day

tajlor'   - tailor

tamen   - yet, however

tapiŝ'   - carpet

taŭg'   - to be of use, to be fit for

te'   - tea

tegment'   - roof

teler'   - plate

temp'   - time

ten'   - to hold

tent'   - to tempt

ter'   - earth

terur'   - terror

tia   - such

tial   - therefore, for this reason

tiam (tian)   - then, at that time

tie   - there

tiel   - so, in such a manner

tim'   - to fear

tio   - it, this, that

tiom   - so, as much or many

tir'   - to draw, to pull

tiu   - that

tol'   - linen

tomb'   - a grave, a tomb

tond'   - to shear, to cut the hair

tondr'   - to thunder

tra   - through

traduk'   - translate

tranĉ'   - to cut

trankvil'   - tranquil, quiet

trans   - over, across

tre   - very, greatly, exceedingly

trem'   - to tremble, to shake, to shiver

tren'   - to draw, to drag, to trail

tri   - three

trink'   - to drink

tro   - too

tromp'   - to deceive

trov'   - to find

tru'   - a hole

tuj   - immediately

tuk'   - handkerchief

tur'   - a tower

turment'   - to torment

turn'   - to turn

tus'   - to cough

tuŝ'   - to touch, to lay one’s hand on

tut'   - whole, total, complete

U

u   - indicate the imperative (in verbs)

uj'   - bearing, containing (i.e. a thing containing or bearing, containing or bearing something, as a tree bearing fruits, a country with inhabitants);e.g. cigar'    - a cigar , cigar'uj'    - a cigar-box  , pom'    - apple  , pom'uj'    - apple-tree  , Turk'    - a Turk  , Turk'uj'    - Turkey

ul'   - a man,possessing some quality; e.g.

riĉ'   - rich  riĉ'ul'    - a rich man

um'   - an affix without definite meaning ; it may be translated by various words

ung'   - nail

unu   - one

urb'   - town, city

urs'   - a bear

us   - indicates the conditional (subjunctive)

util'   - useful

uz'   - to make use of

V

vaks'   - wax

van'   - vain, fruitless

vang'   - cheek

vapor'   - vapour

varm'   - warm

vast'   - vast, spacious

vaz'   - vessel

vek'   - to awake

velk'   - to fade, to wither

ven'   - to come

vend'   - to sell

vendred'   - Friday

venen'   - poison, venom

venĝ'   - to revenge, to avenge

venk'   - to vanquish

vent'   - wind

ventr'   - belly

ver'   - truth, verity

verd'   - green

verk'   - to write, to invent, to make (as an author)

verm'   - worm

verŝ'   - to pour

vesper'   - evening

vest'   - to clothe

vest'o   - clothes

veter'   - the weather

vetur'   - to journey (in a carriage, in a ship etc.)

vi   - you, thou

viand'   - meat, flesh

vid'   - to see

vilaĝ'   - village

vin'   - wine

vintr'   - winter

violon'   - violin

vir'   - a man, a male

viŝ'   - to wipe

vitr'   - glass

viv'   - to live

vizaĝ'   - face, visage

voĉ'   - voice

voj'   - way

vok'   - to call

vol'   - to wish

vort'   - a word

vost'   - a tail

vund'   - to wound

Z

zorg'   - to take care of, to provide for, to be sollicitous