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 of such unions among States as may promote a continuous approximation to a Perpetual Peace; and these principles are not to be dismissed as being impracticable, for the problem of approximation is itself a problem that both involves a duty and tests good judgement.

Such a Union of States, with a view to the maintenance of Peace, may be called a General Congress of Nations. It is intended to be permanent. But the Congress is a voluntary combination of States. It would be dissoluble; its duration would depend upon the sovereign wills of the several members of the League. It would not be such a union as is embodied in the constitution of the United States of America; it would not bean indissoluble union. It is only by means of a Congress of this kind that the idea of a Public Right among Nations can become real; only by such means can their differences be settled by civil process, instead of by the barbarous means of war.

Perpetual Peace may not be realized. But that is no reason why we should not work towards its realization; and towards that end we should work to establish that constitution which