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Maps are rarely on an adequate scale. The following are good Hand Atlases:

(1) An Atlas volume to the Cambridge Modern History, with a historical introduction of. about one hundred pages;

(z) Poole, Historical Atlas of Modern Europe, with concise articles;

(3) Droysen, Allgemeiner historischer Handatlas, with text.

Of very high value is The Map of Europe by Treaty since 1814, by Edward Hertslet—a work to which many writers have been indebted.

The work consists of four volumes. Of these the first extends from the first Treaty of Peace of Paris, May 1814, to 1827; the second from 1828 to 1863; the third from 1863 to 1875; and the fourth from 1875 to 1891. There is a helpful Index, pp. 2,101–399.

The author's object was to bring together in a collected form the various documents that have given treaty sanction to the territorial changes made in Europe since 1814, and which, in thus defining the landmarks of Europe, 'constitute the Title-Deeds of the European Family'. The arrangement of the documents is chronological. Each treaty is preceded by a Table of Contents, and for each article there is a descriptive heading. Where the details are not of European interest,