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 of value to the student of history. Attention may be directed particularly, in the volume on Peace, to ch. iii on National State-Systems of Christendom, ch. iv on the Ottoman Empire, ch. v on the Kingdoms of the Lower Danube, and ch. xiii on the Right of Treaty; and in the volume on War to ch. v on Rights of a Belligerent on the High Seas (with an interesting historical retrospect), and ch. vii on Contraband of War.

Of Mr. W. E. Hall's Treatise of International Law, published in 1880, it has been said by the author of a recent work of distinction on the subject that it 'at once won the attention of the whole world; it is one of the best books on the subject that have ever been written'. The author's attachment to facts, the distance by which he is separated from the deductive and transcendental school of writers on the subject, and the soundness of his judgement make his work a natural and serviceable ally of the historian and of the student of policy. An Appendix on 'The Formation of the Conception of International Law' may well be taken as a starting-point by the reader of Wheaton's History or of substitutes for that work. For the historical student the following parts of the book are of