Page:Dictionary of spoken Russian (1945).djvu/235

 and the M and Ng, d, and l; thus, the family name Петров has Fn Петрова, a Петрову; Pn Петровы "the Petrov's"; Mg Петрова, d Петрову, l Петрове; the remaining forms are regular, as, Mi я говорил с гражданином Петровым "I was talking with Citizen Petrov."

 

The pronominal adjectives and pronouns have noun-like forms in the nominatives, short or irregular forms in the F accusative, and when they stress the M and Ng and d endings they stress the last syllable: кого [kavo] "whose," кому "to whom."

 

The g forms of the personal pronouns (§21) are not used to denote a possessor; instead, there are pronominal (possessive) adjectives: наш "our," ваш "your," and, with stress on the endings, мой "my," твой "your" (familiar singular, §21), свой "one's own." This last differs in use from the pronoun себя, §21, in that a possessor of the first or second person who is the same as the subject is often expressed by the ordinary possessive adjective; thus, one always says он взял свою шляпу "he took his (own) hat," for он взял его шляпу means "he took his (the other man's) hat"; but one says indifferently я взял свою шляпу or я взял мою шляпу "I took my hat."

The possessive adjective чей "whose" is used alongside the g of кто "who." The stem is (čy-) and the M has an inserted vowel: чей, чья, чьё, чьи Fa чью, etc.

All these words have [e] instead of [o] in the Fgdil.

In the expression по-моему "in my opinion," по-твоему, по-своему the stress is on the stem.

 

The pronominal adjective [odn-] "one" inserts [ji] in the M nominative, and [vsj-] "all" inserts [je].

Instead of [i] in the endings, [odn-] and сам "he himself" have [ji] and [vsj-] has [e] also for [o] in the Fgdil.

All three stress the endings, except сам in the Pn. This word has also an irregular Fa form with ending [-ayo].

The Р forms of один are used in the meaning "only," "alone." The pronominal adjective сам stresses the identity: я спросил самого полковника "I asked the colonel himself"; it is different from the regular adjective самый "same": я встретил того самого полковника "I met that same colonel."

 

The pronominal adjectives [t-] "that" and [et-] "this, that" take an ending [-ot] in the M nominative. Instead of [i] in the endings [t-] takes [je] and [et-] takes [ji]:

 

The pronoun он has this stem in the nominative forms only. All the other forms have a stem [y-]. The Pn form has the ending [-ji]. The Fg and a has the ending [-оуo]. The F endings have [e] instead of [o]. All the accusative forms, regardless of gender or animation, are the same as the genitives. 