Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 63.djvu/434

 misrule. He spent the greater part of 1867 and 1868 in the United States of America, travelled eight thousand miles, and recorded his impressions and observations in ‘Last Winter in the United States, being Table Talk collected during a Tour through the late Southern Confederation’ (London, 1868, 8vo). In 1871 he visited Egypt, and published ‘The Egypt of the Pharaohs and of the Khedive’ (London, 8vo), which reached a second edition in 1873.

On 30 May 1865 Zincke was married at St. Mary's, Bryanston Square, London, to Caroline Octavia, lady Stevenson, daughter of Joseph Seymour Biscoe, and widow of Sir William Stevenson, K.C.B. (d. 1863), governor of Mauritius. When in 1885 his stepson, Mr. Francis Seymour Stevenson, became liberal candidate for the Eye division of Suffolk (for which he sat till 1906), Zincke, who took a keen interest in politics, assisted in his victory. From that time until his death he continued to take an active part in local politics, and wrote a large number of pamphlets and addresses in support of his opinions, which were those of an advanced radical. He died at Wherstead on 23 Aug. 1893, and was buried in the churchyard on 26 Aug. He left no children. Besides the works already mentioned Zincke was author of: 1. ‘The Duty and Discipline of Extempore Preaching,’ London, 1866, 8vo; 2nd ed. 1866; American edition, New York, 1867, 8vo. 2. ‘A Month in Switzerland,’ London, 1873, 8vo. 3. ‘The Swiss Allmends … being a second Month in Switzerland,’ London, 1874, 8vo. 4. ‘A Walk in the Grisons, being a third Month in Switzerland,’ London, 1875, 8vo. 5. ‘The Plough and the Dollar, or the Englishry of a Century hence,’ London, 1883, 8vo. 6. ‘Materials for the History of Wherstead,’ Ipswich, 1887, 8vo; 2nd enlarged edit. London, 1893, 8vo; originally published in the ‘Suffolk Chronicle.’ 7. ‘The Days of my Years,’ an autobiography, London, 1891, 8vo.

[Zincke's Autobiography (with portrait); Suffolk Chronicle, 26 Aug., 2 Sept. 1893; Times, 25 Aug. 1893; Allibone's Dict. of Eng. Lit.; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715–1886.]

 ZOEST, GERARD (1637?–1681), painter. [See ]

 ZOFFANY, ZOFFANJI, or ZAFFANII, JOHN or JOHANN (1733–1810), painter, was born at Ratisbon in 1733. His real name seems to have been Zauffely. His father, who came of a Bohemian family, was architect to the Prince of Tours and Taxis. At thirteen, after some instruction under Solimena's pupil Speer, Zoffany ran away to study painting, and succeeded in getting to Rome. Here he was befriended by one of the cardinals, to whom his father obtained him a recommendation, and by whom (says Redgrave) he was placed under the care of the convent of the Buon' Fratelli. After a twelve years' residence in Italy, during which period he visited many Italian cities, he went back to Germany, married unhappily, and in 1758 migrated to England, where at first he seems to have been reduced to great straits. He was starving in a garret in Drury Lane when, by the instrumentality of an Italian named Bellodi, he was made known to Stephen Rimbault, the clock-maker, of Great St. Andrew Street, Seven Dials, at that time noted for his twelve-tuned Dutch clocks. Rimbault gave young Zoffany immediate employment upon his clock-faces, which it was his practice to ornament with landscapes and moving figures. From Rimbault Zoffany passed into the service of [q. v.], as drapery painter and assistant, at 40l. a year. Bryan affirms that he first attracted attention by a portrait of the Earl of Barrymore; Redgrave, that a picture of Garrick in character obtained him the notice of Lord Bute, by whom he was introduced to the royal family. A third story is that Garrick detected a second hand in Wilson's picture of himself and Miss Bellamy as Romeo and Juliet, and hunted out Wilson's anonymous assistant. However this may be, Zoffany had become a member of the Society of Artists of Great Britain by May 1762, when he exhibited ‘A Gentleman's Head’ and ‘Mr. Garrick in the character of the Farmer returned from London’ (a subject of which Hogarth also made a sketch). ‘The Farmer's Return’ was perhaps the identical work which attracted the prime minister. Zoffany followed this by many other dramatic ‘conversation pieces’ of the ‘Great Roscius,’ e.g. as Abel Drugger (with Burton and John Palmer) in the ‘Alchemist;’ as Jaffier (with Mrs. Cibber) in ‘Venice Preserved,’ a companion to the ‘Farmer's Return;’ as Macbeth (with Mrs. Pritchard); as Sir John Brute in the ‘Provoked Wife;’ as the Poet (with Thomas King) in ‘Lethe;’ and as Lord Chalkstone in the later version of the same farce. He also painted Samuel Foote (with Thomas Weston) as the President in the ‘Devil upon two Sticks,’ and as Major Sturgeon (with Hayes) in the ‘Mayor of Garratt.’ Shuter, too, came under his brush (with Beard and Dunstall) in Bickerstaffe's ‘Love in a Village,’ and Parsons in the ‘Kaiser;’ while at the Garrick Club, in addition to a head of Garrick and the above-mentioned