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 death dissolved his administration before Hardwicke's successor-designate, Lord Powis, had been sworn in [see ]. On the formation of the administration of ‘All the Talents’ he was replaced by the sixth Duke of Bedford (February 1806). During his six years' vice-royalty he did much to allay the irritation caused by the union, and became himself a convert to catholic emancipation, to which cause he steadfastly adhered until its triumph in 1829. To the parliamentary Reform Bill of 1831 he gave a qualified support. He died on 18 Nov. 1834, and was buried in the family vault at Wimpole. Hardwicke was K.G. (elected on 25 Nov. 1803, installed by proxy, having received the insignia at Dublin, on 23 April 1805). He was also F.R.S. and F.S.A., a trustee of the British Museum, and from 1790 lord-lieutenant of Cambridgeshire. A few of Hardwicke's letters are printed in Lord Colchester's ‘Diary’ (1861). Others remain in manuscript (see Hist. MSS. Comm. 4th Rep. App. pp. 344 et seq. and Addit. MSS. 33109–11 and 33114).

Hardwicke married, on 24 July 1782, Elizabeth, third daughter of James Lindsay, fifth earl of Balcarres, by whom he left only female issue. The title accordingly devolved upon his nephew, Charles Philip Yorke, who is separately noticed.



YORKE, PHILIP JAMES (1799–1874), chemist, mineralogist, and meteorologist, born on 13 Oct. 1799, was eldest son of Philip Yorke, prebendary of Ely (b. 24 Feb. 1770, d. 27 July 1835), and his wife, Anna Maria, daughter of Charles Cocks, first baron Somers. He was great-grandson on his father's side of the first Earl of Hardwicke. At about the age of nine he went to the school of Dr. Pearson at East Sheen, and thence to Harrow in 1810. He left Harrow at the age of sixteen, obtained a commission in the Scots fusilier guards, and remained in that regiment till about 1852, attaining the rank of lieutenant-colonel. During the Crimean war he was appointed colonel of the Herefordshire militia, a post which he held for three years. Yorke's first scientific paper (dated from 12 Duke Street, Grosvenor Square) contained a very careful investigation of the action of lead on water (Philosophical Magazine, 1834 [3] v. 81). He showed, among other things, that after long contact with metallic lead water dissolves one twelve-thousandth part of its own weight of a hydrated oxide of lead formed by the action of the water and the oxygen dissolved therein. In 1841 he became one of the original members of the Chemical Society, of which he was vice-president in 1852 and president from 30 March 1853 to 30 March 1855. In 1849 Yorke was elected F.R.S. He also took an active part in the Royal Institution, of which he was often a manager. Yorke died on 14 Dec. 1874. He married, on 27 April 1843, Emily, youngest daughter of William Morgan Clifford of Perrystone, Herefordshire; she died on 16 Sept. 1869.

The Royal Society's catalogue contains a list of thirteen papers by Yorke which show him to have been an accomplished chemist and mineralogist. A paper printed in abstract in the ‘Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ 1842 (iv. 386), shows that he made a laborious comparison between the barometrical observations taken at his house near Ross, Herefordshire, and those taken at the Royal Society's rooms. In 1853 Yorke published a translation of Baron F. C. F. von Mueffling's ‘Passages from my Life.’

The Jubilee album presented to the Chemical Society by Mr. Robert Warington contains a portrait and autograph of Yorke.



YOUATT, WILLIAM (1776–1847), veterinary surgeon, born in 1776, was the son of a surgeon residing at Exeter. He was educated for the nonconformist ministry. In 1810 he left Devonshire, and undertook ministerial and scholastic duties in London. At some uncertain date, in 1812 or 1813, he joined Delabere Pritchett Blaine (1768–1848) in conducting a veterinary infirmary in Wells Street, Oxford Street. This partnership continued for a little more than twelve years, when the business passed into Youatt's hands.

In 1828 Youatt began to deliver a series