Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 62.djvu/402

 WOODFORD, SAMUEL (1636–1700), divine and poet, born on 15 April 1636 in the parish of All Hallows in the Wall, London, was the eldest son of Robert Woodford of Northampton. After leaving St. Paul's school he matriculated on 20 July 1654 as a commoner at Wadham College, Oxford, whence he graduated B.A. on 6 Feb. 1657 (N.S.) Two years later he entered as a student at the Inner Temple, where his chamber-fellow was Thomas Flatman [q. v.], the poet. He afterwards lived, first at Aldbrook, then at Binstead, near Ryde, ‘in a married and secular condition.’ In November 1664 he was elected to the Royal Society. In January 1669 he took holy orders, and in 1673 was presented by Sir Nicholas Stuart to the benefice of Hartley-Mauduit, Hampshire. Through the influence of George Morley [q. v.], bishop of Winchester, he was appointed canon of Chichester on 27 May 1676, and of Winchester on 8 Nov. 1680. He received the degree of D.D. by diploma of Archbishop Sancroft in 1677. He died at Winchester on 11 Jan. 1700. He married after the Restoration, and had several sons, of whom the youngest, William Woodford (d. 1758), was fellow of New College from 1699 to 1712, censor of the Royal College of Physicians in 1773, and regius professor of medicine at Oxford from 1730 till his death.

Woodford began his poetical career by contributing in 1658 to the ‘Naps upon Parnassus’ of the younger Samuel Austin (fl. 1658) [q. v.] Of his poem ‘On the Return of Charles II,’ 1660, Wood had seen no copy. His chief works were ‘The Paraphrase upon the Psalms’ and ‘The Paraphrase upon the Canticles.’ The first originally appeared in quarto in 1667, with a dedication to Bishop Morley, and was reissued in octavo in 1678. In a lengthy preface the reader is informed that the ‘Paraphrase’ was written while Woodford ‘had the convenience of a private and most delightful retirement’ in the company of Mrs. Mary Beale [q. v.] and her husband. He had been forewarned against prolixity ‘by a very judicious friend, Mr. Thomas Sprat’ (afterwards the bishop). The object of the poet, who drew his inspiration from Cowley, was to give as nearly as he could ‘the true sense and meaning of the psalms, and in as easy and obvious terms as was possible.’ The result may be pronounced successful from a literary point of view; and the ‘Paraphrase’ won the praise of Baxter in his preface to ‘Poetical Fragments,’ 1681.

In 1679 appeared his ‘Paraphrase upon the Canticles and some select Hymns of the New and Old Testaments, with other Occasional Compositions in English Rimes.’ The volume, which is dedicated to Archbishop Sancroft, has prefatory verses by Sir Nicholas Stuart and Thomas Flatman, besides an ode by W. Croune, D.D.

Woodford's miscellaneous poems include two odes to Izaak Walton [q. v.] and verses in commendation of Denham's ‘New Version of the Psalms of David.’ An edition of Woodford's complete works published in 1713 is described as ‘the second edition corrected by the author.’ A manuscript ‘Ode to the Memory of John, Lord Wilmot, Earl of Rochester,’ is among the Rawlinson collections in the Bodleian, to which library Woodford in March 1657 presented a map of Rome (, Annals, p. 427). Parisot, writing a century later, thought his poems had fallen into undeserved oblivion.

[Wood's Life, pp. xxxv–vi, Fasti, ii. 192, and Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 675, 826, 1133, iv. 730–1; Wadham Coll. Reg. ed. Gardiner; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714; Chalmers's Biogr. Dict.; Woodford's Works; Allibone's Dict. Engl. Lit.; Biogr. Universelle, 1828 (art. by Parisot); Winchester Scholars, ed. Kirby; Munk's Coll. of Phys. ii. 115. J. Nichols's Select Collect. of Poems, iv. 1780–2, has two pieces by Woodford—‘The Voyage,’ and a sonnet addressed to Seth Ward, bishop of Sarum.]

 WOODFORD or WYDFORD, (fl. 1380–1411), opponent of Wycliffe, is erroneously identified by Wadding with William of Waterford, who appears to have flourished about 1433, and wrote a ‘Tractatus de Religione,’ which he addressed to Cardinal Julian Cesarinus (cf., Writers of Ireland, pp. 87, 88). There seems to be no doubt that Woodford was an Englishman. He became a Franciscan and was educated at Oxford, where he graduated D.D. He taught in the schools and came into friendly contact with Wycliffe. ‘When I was lecturing concurrently with him on the Sentences,’ he says, ‘Wycliffe used to write his answers to the arguments, which I advanced to him, in a notebook which I sent him with my arguments, and to send me back the notebook’ (, Grey Friars, p. 81). With the development of Wycliffe's views, however, Woodford became increasingly hostile, and when, in his ‘Confessio’ in 1381, the reformer repudiated transubstantiation, Woodford wrote his earliest extant work in reply. It was entitled ‘Septuaginta Quæstiones de Sacramento Eucharistiæ,’ and is thought to have been composed as a course of lectures de-