Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 62.djvu/392

 Woodbridge published in 1648, under the pseudonym 'Filodexter Transilvanus,' 'Church Members set in Joynt, or a Discovery of the Unwarrantable and Disorderly Practice of Private Christians, in usurping the Peculiar Office and Work of Christ's own Pastours, namely Publick Preaching.' The book was written in reply to a treatise entitled 'Preaching without Ordination,' published the previous year under the pseudonym of 'Lieut. E. Chillenden.' Woodbridge's book was republished in 1656 and in 1657. He also published in London 1601 a work by James Noyes (who had married his mother's sister), entitled 'Moses and Aaron; or the Rights of the Church and State' Woodbridge wrote some verses, inscribed on the tomb of John Cotton of Boston, Mass. (d. 1652), which possibly gave Franklin a hint for his celebrated epitaph upon himself.

(1613-1696), brother of Benjamin, was born at Stanton, near Highworth, in 1613. He was partially educated at Oxford, but, objecting to the oath of conformity, left the university and studied privately till 1634, when he went to America. Woodbridge took up lands at Newbury in New England, acted as first town clerk till 19 Nov. 1638, and in 1637, 1640 and 1641 as deputy to the general court. He was ordained at Andover on 24 Oct. 1645, and chosen teacher of a congregation at Newbury. In 1647 he returned to England, and was made chaplain to the commissioners treating with the king in the Isle of Wight. He settled in New England in 1663, and succeeded his uncle Thomas Parker as minister at Newbury in 1677. Disagreeing with his congregation on some points of church discipline, he gave up his post and became a magistrate of the township. He died on 17 March 1696. He married in 1630, Mercy (1621-1691), daughter of Governor Thomas Dudley, by whom he had twelve children. Dudley Woodbridge, judge-advocate of Barbados and director-general of the Royal Assiento Company, who died on 11 Feb. 1720-1, and whose portrait was painted by Kneller, was probably his son (, Biogr. Hist. iii. 260).

[Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500-1714; Wood's Athenae, ed. Bliss, iv. 156-61; Fasti, ed. Bliss, ii. 108; Pnlmer's Nonconformist's Memorial, i. 200-1; Money's Hist. of Newbury, pp. 441, 504; Cal. State Papers. Dom. 1633-4 pp.4l, 201, 1657-8 p. 28. 1664-5 p. 16; Kettell's Specimens of American Poetry, vol. i. pp. xxix-xxx; Sibley's Graduates of Harvard University, i. 18, 20-1, 27; Farmer's Register of First Settlers; Mather's Magnalia, 1702. p. 219; New England's Historical and Genealogical Register, 342; Hoare's Modern Wiltshire, vi. 408 ; Lords Journals, x. 78; P. C. C. 51 Cann; Book of Institutions (Record Office), Series A. vol. i., Wiltshire, fol. i; Winthrop's Hiit of New England, pp. 300-10; Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit, i. 130-30; Mitchell's Woodbridge Record, passim; Coffin's Hist. of Newbury.]  WOODBURY, WALTER BENTLEY (1834–1885), inventor of the Woodburytype process, was born at Manchester on 26 June 1834. His father dying when he was quite young, and his mother having a prosperous shop to attend to, he was brought up by his maternal grandfather (who was also his godfather), Walter Bentley. Bentley, who was a naturalist and a friend of Audubon and Waterlow, was related to Thomas Bentley (1731–1780) [q. v.], the partner of Josiah Wedgwood. Woodbury was given a scientific education, and was placed in 1849 as an apprentice in a patent office in Manchester, with a view to becoming an engineer. Three years later he sailed for the Australian gold fields, and passed through many vicissitudes. Having worked in succession as a cook, a driver, a surveyor's labourer, a builder, and a paper-hanger, he obtained a place in the Melbourne waterworks. There he resumed his old hobby of photography, the collodion process in which had been invented by Frederick Scott Archer [q. v.] just before he left England. In 1858 with his partner, James Page, he migrated to Java, and there, at Batavia, worked the collodion process with great success, sending home a series of fine tropical views, which were published by Negretti & Zambra. Having married a Malay lady and attained a small competence, he returned to England in 1863. He settled in Birmingham, where in 1864, while experimenting with carbon printing, he conceived a new mode of photographic engraving. The difficulties to be surmounted were very great, but on 5 Dec. 1865 he was enabled to demonstrate and exhibit examples of the beautiful mechanical process that bears his name to the Photographic Society. The main feature of the invention, patented on 24 July 1866 and called the Woodburytype, is that a photograph in gelatine is caused by enormous pressure to indent a sheet of lead. When perfected the invention came into common use, both in Europe and America. Between this date and his death Woodbury took out over twenty patents for photo-mechanical printing processes and for photographic and allied apparatus. Many of the block processes now in use, notably the Goupil photogravure employed by Boussod,