Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 62.djvu/211

 On 18 May 1804, being then ‘of Cheapside, merchant,’ Winsor obtained a patent (No. 2764) for an ‘improved oven, stove, or apparatus for the purpose of extracting inflammable air, oil, pitch, tar, and acids, and reducing into coke and charcoal all kinds of fuel’ (Ann. Reg. 1804, p. 825). Towards the close of 1806 Winsor removed his exhibition to 97 Pall Mall, where early in 1807 he ‘lighted up a part of one side of the street, which was the first instance of this kind of light being applied to such a purpose in London’ (, Hist. Sketch of Gas-Lighting, 1827). His gas was sneered at as offensive, dangerous, expensive, and unmanageable, but Winsor was not deterred from his purpose. Besides a number of bombastic pamphlets and advertisements, he issued at the close of 1807 a flaming prospectus of ‘The New Patriotic Imperial and National Light and Heat Company.’ He calculated that if the operations which he proposed were properly conducted the net annual profits would amount to over 229,000,000l., and that after giving over nine-tenths of that sum towards the redemption of the National Debt, there would still remain a total profit of 570l. to be paid to the subscribers for every 5l. of deposit. Winsor is said to have raised nearly 50,000l. by subscription, but, large as was the amount, he was not enriched by it, for the whole was expended upon his projects. The retort in which he distilled was ‘an iron vessel, similar to a pot with a lid, well fitted and luted to the top of it. To the centre of the lid a pipe was fixed to convey the gas to his condensing vessel, which was a circular cistern, made of a conical form, broader at the bottom than at the top; it was divided into two or three separate compartments, and the plates that formed the division were perforated with a great number of holes, in order to spread the gas as it passed through them, to purify it from the sulphuretted hydrogen and ammonia.’ But this operation was very imperfectly performed, and the gas, being burnt in an extremely impure state, emitted a pungent smell. To improve this he had recourse to lime as a purifier, with moderately successful results. His pipes were mostly of lead, only those parts which connected them with the burners being made of copper, and his burners were argands, jets, and bats-wings. On 20 Feb. 1807 Winsor obtained a second patent (No. 3016) for a new gas furnace and purifier; his later patents (Nos. 3113 and 3200) for refining the gas so as to deprive it of all disagreeable odour during combustion are dated 3 March 1808 and 7 Feb. 1809. On 3 Aug. 1809 he obtained a patent (No. 3253) for ‘a fixed and moveable telegraphic lighthouse, for signals of intelligence in rain, storm, and darkness.’

In 1809, after having moderated the terms of his prospectus, Winsor supported the Light and Heat Company's application to parliament for a charter. The application was opposed by William Murdock and James Watt the younger. Henry Brougham on their behalf launched the shafts of his ridicule against the financial side of the scheme as expounded in Winsor's advertisements, and Walter Scott wrote that he must be a madman who proposed to light London with smoke. The bill was thrown out, but the ‘Westminster Gas Light and Coke Company,’ as the corporation now termed themselves, obtained their act on 9 June 1810. They were henceforth advised, not by Winsor, but by Samuel Clegg [q. v.], an old disciple of Murdock.

Winsor proceeded to Paris in 1815, his ‘brevet d'importation’ being dated 1 Dec. 1815, and he set to work at once to found a gas-lighting company in that city. In order to conciliate French opinion, he stated that in 1802 he had been one of the first to render tribute to Lebon as the original inventor of the gas oven (Journal des Débats, 9 July 1823). In January 1817 he lit up the Passage des Panoramas with gas, which he applied next to the Luxembourg and the Odéon arcade, but his company made small progress and was liquidated in 1819. Little further advance seems to have been made in Paris until the formation of the Manby-Wilson company about 1828. With this firm Winsor is not known to have been connected. He died at Paris on 11 May 1830 (Times, 17 May), and was buried in the cemetery of Père la Chaise. A cenotaph was erected to his memory in Kensal Green cemetery with the inscription, ‘At evening time it shall be light.—Zach. xiv. 7.’

A son,, ‘junior’ (1797–1874), of Shooter's Hill, born at Vienna in 1797, married, in June 1819, Catherine Hunter of Brunswick Square, London (Monthly Mag. xlvii. 564). He was called to the bar from the Middle Temple on 31 Jan. 1840, and obtained a patent (No. 9600) for the ‘production of light’ as late as January 1843. An excellent linguist, he was for many years director and secretary of the French Protestant Hospital. He died on 7 June 1874, aged 77 (Law Times, 18 July).

Winsor's publications include: 1. ‘Description of the Thermo-lamp invented by Lebon of Paris, published with remarks by F. A. W—— of London,’ in parallel