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 forerunner’ (, Memoir, ii. 510). In 1858 she published a little book entitled ‘German Love from the Papers of an Alien.’ The author was Professor Max Müller, who refused at that time to allow his name to appear. Her translation of Bunsen's ‘God in History’ was published in three volumes, 1868–70.

Miss Winkworth was a philanthropist as well as author and translator. She worked among the poor of Bristol, and in her district visiting was struck by the difficulty poor people found in getting decent lodgings. She therefore rented several houses in the poorest part of the town, put them into proper repair, and let them out in tenements. She was thus the first in Bristol to make efforts for the better housing of the poor. In 1874 she formed the company which built Jacob's Wells industrial dwellings, managing them herself till the time of her death. She took also a great interest in the education of women, and in 1878 succeeded her sister Catherine as governor of the Red Maids' school, and member of the council of Cheltenham Ladies' College. Susanna was for some years a unitarian, but returned to the English church in 1861.

Susanna Winkworth died at 21 Victoria Square, Clifton, on 25 Nov. 1884, being buried in the churchyard of St. John's Church.

Among the friends and correspondents of the two sisters other than those already mentioned were Harriet Martineau, the Hares, F. D. Maurice, Mazzini, Professor Max Müller, Carlyle, and Jenny Lind.

[Allibone's Dict. of Engl. Lit. with Supplement; Julian's Dict. of Hymnology, p. 1287; Letters and Memorials of Catherine Winkworth, ed. Susanna Winkworth, privately printed, 1883; private information.]

 WINMARLEIGH, (1802–1892). [See .]

WINNIFFE, THOMAS (1576–1654), bishop of Lincoln, born and baptised at Sherborne, Dorset, in 1576, was son of John Winniffe (1540?–1630), who was buried on 28 Sept. 1630 in Lambourne church, Essex (Addit. MS. 6994, f. 186b). He matriculated from Exeter College, Oxford, on 22 Feb. 1593-4, and was elected fellow in 1595; he graduated B.A. on 12 July 1598, M.A. on 17 May 1601, B.D. on 27 March 1610, and D.D. on 5 July 1610, being incorporated in that degree at Cambridge in 1628. In August 1605 he was one of those who disputed in moral philosophy before James I, his queen, and Prince Henry on the occasion of their visit to Oxford (, Progresses of James I, i. 536). He is said to have been subsequently chaplain to Prince Henry, though his name does not appear in Birch's list of the prince's chaplains. On 5 May 1608 he was admitted to the rectory of Willingale-Doe, Essex, and on 15 June following to that of Lambourne in the same county, and on 30 June 1609 he resigned his fellowship at Exeter, having livings above the statutable value.

After Prince Henry's death Winniffe became chaplain to Prince Charles, but on 7 April 1622, when the Spaniards were overrunning the Palatinate, he gave offence by a sermon denouncing Gondomar, and comparing Spinola with the devil (, Court of James I, ii. 304; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1619-23, p. 376). He was sent to the Tower, but repented and appealed to the Spanish and imperial ambassadors, at whose intercession he was released a few days later. On 17 Sept. 1624 he was nominated dean of Gloucester, being installed on 10 Nov. following. He remained chaplain to Charles after his accession, and on 8 April 1631 was nominated dean of St. Paul's in succession to Dr. John Donne (1573-1681) [q. v.], who bequeathed him 'the picture called the "Skeleton," which hangs in the hall;' he was also one of the three to whom Donne is said to have left his 'religious MSS.' (, Life of Donne, 1899, ii. 295, 298, 360). Winniffe was elected dean of St. Paul's on 18 April; he also held the prebend of Mora in that cathedral. On 15 March 1633-4 he took the oath as an ecclesiastical commissioner.

On the translation of Bishop John Williams (1582-1650) [q. v.] from Lincoln to York on 4 Dec. 1641, Winniffe was selected to succeed him. The nomination is said to have been intended to gratify parliament on the ground of Winniffe's alleged puritan tendencies; but on 30 Dec. Francis Rous [q. v.] moved in the House of Commons for the postponement of Winniffe's consecration 'till a settled government in religion be established in this kingdom' (Speech of Francis Rowse, London, 1642, 4to), and Winniffe's house ia Westminster is said to have been destroyed by a mob, whose leader, Sir Richard Wiseman, was killed. He was elected on 5 Jan. 1641-2, and was consecrated on 6 Feb.; he retained the deanery of St. Paul's, but resigned his livings in Essex.

The outbreak of the civil war, however, did not leave him long in possession of his see, though according to his own account he 