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 Gotha, 1893, and the summary in Michael's Englische Geschichte im 18. Jahrhundert (Hamburg and Leipzig, 1896). William's own letters constitute the primary materials for a knowledge of the motives of his actions. The most important publications containing his correspondence are, for the period up to 1688, the Archives ou Correspondance inédite de la Maison d'Orange-Nassau, edited by G. Groen van Prinsterer, 2de série, 5 vols. Utrecht, 1857–88; and, for the remainder of his life from April 1859, the Archief van den Raadspensionaris Heinsius, edited by H. J. van der Heim, 3 vols., the Hague, 1867–80. Various extracts from the Heinsius correspondence had been previously published by Grimblot from a French translation made under the direction of Sir James Mackintosh, by Grovestins, and by Ranke in his Appendix. An invaluable collection of diplomatic papers concerning the history of the united provinces from 1669 to 1697 is Sylvius's continuation of Aitzema, 4 vols. Amsterdam, 1685–99. Full use is made of the documentary materials for William's career in Wagenaars Vaderlandsche Historie, of which the first twenty-one volumes were published at Amsterdam in 1749. The letters especially on foreign affairs preserved in the private cabinet known as ‘King William's Chest’ at Kensington, to which Dalrymple was granted access, are calendared in the Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, William and Mary, vol. i., cited below. A large number of letters by William are contained in Müller's Wilhelm III von Oranien und Georg Friedrich von Waldeck, 2 vols., The Hague, 1873–80. His correspondence with Portland, transcribed from the French originals at Welbeck by Mackintosh, was largely used by Macaulay and other historians, and in part reproduced by Grimblot; see also as to the Duke of Portland's papers in Hist. MSS. Comm. 11th Rep. app. part v. 1889, and 15th Rep. app. part iv. 1897. Among the other collections examined by the commission, that of Morrison contains not fewer than twenty-two original letters by William (9th Rep. 1883). Many curious particulars are to be found in the collection Aus den Briefen der Herzogin Elizabeth Charlotte von Orléans an die Kurfürstin Sophie von Hannover, edited by E. Bodemann, 2 vols. Hanover, 1891. The Spencer House Journals, printed as an appendix to vol. ii. of Miss H. C. Foxcroft's Life and Letters of the first Marquis of Halifax, 1898, record conversations between the king and Halifax, and add some interesting observations by the latter.

The following are among the sources or secondary authorities for the several parts of William's career, or for special aspects of it:—Affairs of the United Provinces and his relations to them: Van Kampen's Geschichte der Niederlande, vol. ii., Hamburg, 1883; cf. Bizot's Histoire Métallique de la République d'Hollande, 2 vols. and suppl. Amsterdam, 1688–90. Childhood and youth up to the death of de Witt, 1672: Pontalis's John de Witt, 1883, translated by S. E. and A. Stephenson, 2 vols. London, 1885. Stadholderate up to the peace of Nimeguen: Letters of Sir William Temple, &c., 1665–72, and Memoirs of Sir William Temple, 1672–9, in Works, 2 vols. 1750. Marriage and married Life: see under. Struggle with France: Négociations du Comte d'Avaux, 4 vols. Paris, 1754; Müller, u.s.; S. van Grovestins' Histoire des Luttes et Rivalités des Puissances Maritimes et de la France; Rousset's Histoire de Louvois et de son Administration, 4 vols. Paris, 1862–3; Mémoires de J. H. de Gourville, Paris, 1826; the same, vol. i. Paris, 1894, reaching to 1669; and the Memoirs of Dangeau, St. Simon, and Pomponne. Opposition in Holland: Wagenaar, u.s. vol. xv. Growing interest in English affairs: Diary and Correspondence of Henry Sidney, ed. Blencowe, 2 vols. 1843. Revolution of 1688: Mackintosh's Review of the Causes of the Revolution of 1688, 1834; Mazure's Histoire de la Révolution en 1688, 4 vols. Paris, 1843; Correspondence of Henry, Earl of Clarendon, and Laurence, Earl of Rochester, &c., ed. Singer, vol. ii. 1828; Ellis Correspondence, 1686–8, with notes by Ellis, 2 vols. 1829; Papers of the Earls of Dartmouth (11th Rep. app. part v. 1887) and Lindsey (14th Rep. app. part ix. 1895), and the Duke of Leeds (11th Rep. part vii. 1888); and see under. Incidents of the reign: Evelyn's Diary, vol. iii., and Luttrell's Brief Relation, vols. i–v. General political history of the reign: Calendar of Treasury Papers, edited by J. Redington, 1556–1696 (1868), 1697–1702 (1871); Correspondence of Charles Talbot, Duke of Shrewsbury, ed. Coxe, 1821; cf. the Collections of the Marquis of Ormonde (Hist. MSS. Comm. 7th Rep. 1879), of the Duke of Marlborough (8th Rep. 1881), of the Duke of Rutland (12th Rep. app. part v. 1884), of Mr. S. H. Le Fleming (ib. app. part vii. 1890), containing many news-letters, and of the Earl of Lonsdale (13th Rep. part vii. 1893). For the years 1689–93: Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, William and Mary, edited by W. J. Hardy, vol. i. (1895), 13 Feb. 1689–April 1690, vol. ii. (1898) May 1690–October 1691; MSS. of House of Lords (12th Rep. app. part iii. 1889, 13th Rep. app. part v. 1893, and 14th Rep. app. part vi. 1894). Irish affairs: Papers of Archbishop King (1st Rep. 1871), of the Marquis of Ormonde (u.s.), of Sir William Fitzherbert and the Earl of Ancaster (13th Rep. part ii. 1893); D'Avaux's Négociations en Irlande, 1689–90, Paris, 1830. Irish campaign of William: Lauzan's Reports and Extracts from the Diary of a Jacobite, cited by Ranke, vol. vi. app. and Hist. of the Wars in Ireland, by an officer of the army, cited by Macaulay. Scottish affairs generally: M'Cormick's State Papers and Letters addressed to William Carstares, Edinburgh, 1774; cf. Principal Story's William Carstares, 1874; Papers of the Duke of Argyll and Sir Robert Menzies (Hist. MSS. Comm. 6th Rep. 1877); Marchmont MSS. and Papers of the Countess